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Mechanisms of Biocontrol

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Horticultural Crop Protection

Abstract

Plant pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc., which cause various diseases in crop plants, are controlled by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The mechanisms of biocontrol may be competition or antagonism; however, the most studied phenomenon is the induction of systemic resistance by these rhizobacteria in the host plant. PGPR control the damage to plants from pathogens by a number of mechanisms including: outcompeting the pathogen by physical displacement, secretion of siderophores to prevent pathogens in the immediate vicinity from proliferating, synthesis of antibiotics and bacteriocins and a variety of small molecules that inhibit pathogen growth, production of enzymes that inhibit the pathogen and stimulation of the systemic resistance in the plants. PGPR may also stimulate the production of biochemical compounds associated with host defence. Enhanced resistance may be due to massive accumulation of phytoalexins and phenolic compounds; increases in the activities of PR proteins, defence enzymes and transcripts; and enhanced lignification. Biocontrol may also be improved by genetically engineered PGPR to overexpress one or more of these traits so that strains with several different anti-pathogen traits can act synergistically. PGPR may use more than one of these mechanisms as experimental evidence suggests that biocontrol of plant pathogens is the net result of multiple mechanisms that may be activated simultaneously.

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  1. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    P. Parvatha Reddy

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Reddy, P.P. (2014). Mechanisms of Biocontrol. In: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Horticultural Crop Protection. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1973-6_4

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