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Recognition of Facial Expressions: Past, Present, and Future Challenges

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Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication

Abstract

Sender’s facial expressions are an inextricable combination of affective information and social signals aimed at influencing receivers’ behavior. This chapter deals with how receivers attribute meanings to the senders’ facial expressions. First, we review the findings of the most important corpus of literature in this field, on the so-called recognition of emotion in facial expressions. After discussing the conceptual problems behind the terms “recognition” and “expression”, we summarize the ongoing debate about the universal recognition of basic emotions from both posed and spontaneous facial expressions. In the next sections, we discuss some of the lessons that can be drawn from field studies in isolated societies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We use “sign” following Peirce’s typology of signs: icons, indices, and symbols. Icons share some quality with its object (e.g., physical resemblance of a picture of fire with its object, actual fire). Indices’ relation to their objects is a factual correspondence (e.g., smoke as an index of fire). Finally, symbols keep an arbitrary correspondence with their objects (e.g., the words “fuego”, “fire”, “kova”, etc.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    José-Miguel Fernández-Dols & Carlos Crivelli

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  1. José-Miguel Fernández-Dols
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  2. Carlos Crivelli
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Correspondence to José-Miguel Fernández-Dols .

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  1. Defence Institute of Psychological Research, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India

    Manas K. Mandal

  2. Defence Institute of Psychological Research, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India

    Avinash Awasthi

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Fernández-Dols, JM., Crivelli, C. (2015). Recognition of Facial Expressions: Past, Present, and Future Challenges. In: Mandal, M., Awasthi, A. (eds) Understanding Facial Expressions in Communication. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1934-7_2

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