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Signaling in Response to Cold Stress

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Plant signaling: Understanding the molecular crosstalk

Abstract

World population is growing at a fast pace and is projected to reach 6.5 billion by 2050. At the same time, numbers of changes that are occurring in regular environmental parameters are posing threats to the agricultural productivity. Thus, feeding 6.5 mouths would indeed be a huge challenge. Besides the ever-growing human population and alterations in environmental scenarios, reduction in the area of land used for agriculture, declination of crop productivity, overexploitation of bioresources, mal-agricultural practices, and deleterious abiotic environmental stresses are leading to ecological imbalance. To reduce these losses scientists all over the world focus on novel strategies to enhance crop production in order to meet the increasing food demand and establish a balance among different ecological factors. The various abiotic stress conditions such as cold, temperature, drought and salinity cause noxious effects on plant growth and development ultimately affecting the crop productivity. Among various abiotic stresses, cold stress is one of the main environmental stresses that limits the crop productivity and geographical distribution of most valuable crop plants. However, plants show remarkable developmental plasticity to survive in a continually changing environment. Being sessile, plants have generated in the course of their development proficient strategies of tremendous response to elude, tolerate, or adapt to various types of environmental stress conditions including cold. The acclimatization to various abiotic stress factors is largely dependent upon the activation of cascades of molecular channels involved in stress perception, signal transduction, and the expression of specific stress-related genes and metabolites. Understanding the pathway mechanisms by which plants recognize these stress signals and then transduce them to cellular machinery in order to stimulate adaptive responses is of crucial importance to crop biology. Here we summarize cold stress tolerance mechanism pathways in plants. The main significant points discussed in this chapter include (a) adverse effects of cold stress on plant physiochemical parameters, (b) sensing of cold temperature and involvement of various signal transduction pathways, (c) function of various compatible solutes or osmoprotectants, and (d) types and functions of different cold-responsive genes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in various cold stress tolerance mechanisms.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABREs:

ABA-responsive elements

ADC:

Arginine decarboxylase

AFPs:

Antifreeze proteins

BADH:

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

bHLC:

Basic helix-loop-helix

BL:

Brassinolide

BRs:

Brassinosteroids

bZIP:

Basic leucine zipper

CaM:

Calmodulin

CaMK:

CaM-dependent protein kinases

CAMTA:

Calmodulin-binding transcription activator

Cas :

Cold acclimation-specific genes

CBF:

C-repeat-binding factors

CBLs:

Calcineurin B-like proteins

CDPKs:

Calcium-dependent protein kinases

CIPKs:

CBL-interacting protein kinases

CMO:

Choline monooxygenase

CO:

Choline oxidase

COR:

Cold responsive

CRT:

C-repeats

CS:

Castasterone

DACC:

Depolarization-activated Ca2+ channels

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DHN:

Dehydrin

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DRE:

Dehydration-responsive elements

DREB:

Dehydration-responsive element binding

EBR:

24-Epibrassinolide

ERD:

Early responsive to dehydration

EREBP:

Ethylene-responsive element-binding proteins

GA:

Gibberellin

GB:

Glycine betaine

GSA:

Glutamate semialdehyde

HACC:

Hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ channels

HSPs:

Heat shock proteins

ICE1:

Inducer of CBF expression

KIN:

Cold induced

LEA:

Late embryogenesis abundant

LOV1:

LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE 1

LTI:

Low-temperature induced

LTST:

Low-temperature-induced signal transduction

MAPKs:

Mitogen-activated protein kinases

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

OAT:

Orn-d-aminotransferase

OsCDPK13 :

Oryza sativa CDPK13

OsSPDS2 :

Spermidine synthase gene

P5CA:

δ-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase

P5CDH:

P5C dehydrogenase

P5CR:

P5C reductase

PA:

Polyamines

PIP2:

Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate

PLC:

Phospholipase-C

PLD:

Phospholipase-D

PR:

Pathogenesis related

ProDH:

Proline dehydrogenase

RAB:

Responsive to abscisic acid

RACE:

Randomly amplified cDNA ends

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROIs:

Reactive oxygen intermediates

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAM:

S-adenosyl-1-methionine

SMDS:

Spermidine synthase

SPMS:

Spermine synthase

TFs:

Transcription factors

THPs:

Thermal hysteresis proteins

TPP:

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase

TPS:

Trehalose phosphate synthase

W7:

N-(6-Amonihexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah, Bisma Malik & Reiaz Ul Rehman

  2. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  3. Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Molecular Plant Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110 025, India

    M. Irfan Qureshi

Authors
  1. Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah
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  2. Bisma Malik
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  3. Reiaz Ul Rehman
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  4. Khalid Rehman Hakeem
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  5. M. Irfan Qureshi
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Reiaz Ul Rehman or M. Irfan Qureshi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  2. Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu und Kashmir, India

    Reiaz Ul Rehman

  3. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu und Kashmir, India

    Inayatullah Tahir

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© 2014 Springer India

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Pirzadah, T.B., Malik, B., Rehman, R.U., Hakeem, K.R., Qureshi, M.I. (2014). Signaling in Response to Cold Stress. In: Hakeem, K., Rehman, R., Tahir, I. (eds) Plant signaling: Understanding the molecular crosstalk. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1542-4_10

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