Abstract
The Universe is all the mass that exists, spanning from the largest galaxies to the tiny subatomic particle. Furthermore, as mass is exchangeable with energy, the Universe also encompasses all forces and energies that exist therein. Hence, the Universe is unlimited in time and shape and infinite in its variety of forms. Billions of cosmic bodies of differing size and structure make up the Universe; the stars, planets, and the interstellar matter are principal forms of such cosmic bodies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barsukov V, Basilevsky A, Volkov V, Zharkov V (1992) Venus Geology. Research Results from the USSR, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Geochemistry and Geophysics
Beebe R (1994) Jupiter, the Giant Planet. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Bergstralh J, Miner E, Matthews M (1991) Uranus. University of Arizona Press, Tucson
Blunck J (1982) Mars and Its Satellites—A Detailed Commentary on the Nomenclature. Exposition Press, Smithtown, New York
Britt RR (2006). Pluto demoted in highly controversial definition. Space.com. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060824_planet_definition.html. Retrieved 2013-03-24
Carr MH (1981) The surface of Mars. Yale University Press, Newhaven, p 232
Davies M, Dwornik S, Gault D, Strom R (1978) Atlas of Mercury, NASA SP-423. Washington, D.C.
GarcÃa R et al (2007) Tracking solar gravity modes: the dynamics of the solar core. Science 316(5831):1591–1593
Greeley R, Papson R, Veverka J (1978) Crater streaks in the Chryse Planitia Region of Mars, early Viking results. Icarus 34(3):556–567
Hamblin, W. K. and Christiansen, E. H. 2008. Earth’s Dynamic System, Prentice Hall, USA (Web edition 10)
Hunt GE, Moore P (1982) Saturn. Rand McNally, New York
Hunt, G. E., and Moore, P. 1994. Atlas of Neptune. Cambridge University Press, 86p
Hunten, D. Colin, L., Donahue, T. and Moroz, V. 1983. Venus, University of Arizona Press, Tucson
IAU 2006 General Assembly: Resolutions 5 and 6. IAU. 2006-08-24. http://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf. Retrieved 2013-02-13
Leong S (2002) Period of the Sun's Orbit around the Galaxy (Cosmic Year). The Physics Factbook. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/StacyLeong.shtml. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
Levesque EM, Massey P, Olsen KAG, Plez B, Josselin E, Maeder A, Meynet G (2005) The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not As Cool As We Thought. Astrophys J 628(2):973–985
Lyttleton RA (1969) On the Internal Structures of Mercury and Venus. Astrophys Space Sci 5(1):18
Mercury Fact Sheet. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. November 30, 2007. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html. Retrieved 2013-03-20
Miner ED (1998) Uranus - The Planet, Rings, and Satellites. Wiley, New York
Miner ED, Wessen RR (2002) Neptune: the Planet, Rings, and Satellites, Springer/Praxis 2002, pp 111–114
Mutch T, Arvidson R, Head J, Jones K (1976) and Saunders, R. The Geology of Mars Princeton University Press, Princeton
Raeburn, P. 1998. Uncovering the Secrets of the Red Planet, Mars National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. Pioneer Venus Special Issue. 1980. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85
Robinson, C., 1995. Magellan Reveals Venus. Astronomy, 32-41
Sheehan, W. 1996. The Planet Mars, a history of observation and discovery, University of Arizona Press
Soderblom, L. A. and Torrence V. J., 1982. The Moons of Saturn. Scientific American
Stern, S. A., and Tholen, D. J. 1998. Pluto and Charon. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA. 728 pages
Stix M (2003) On the time scale of energy transport in the sun. Sol Phys 212(1):3–6
Strobel, N. www.astronomynotes.com. Retrieved 2013-03-24
USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html. Retrieved 2013-01-17
Vilas F, Chapman C, Matthews M (1988) Mercury. University of Arizona Press, Tucson
White A (1980) The Planet Pluto. Pergamon, New York
Williams, D. R. 2004. Sun Fact Sheet. NASA. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html. Retrieved 2013-03-20
Woolfson, M. 2000. The origin and evolution of the solar system. Astronomy and Geophysics, 41(1): 1.12. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x
Yeates et al., 1985. Galileo, Exploration of Jupiter’s System NASA SP-479, Washington, D.C
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jain, S. (2014). The Solar System: Sun and Planets. In: Fundamentals of Physical Geology. Springer Geology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1539-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1539-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-1538-7
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-1539-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)