Conclusion

Abstract

Differentiating between the types of fungal sinusitis and identifying the aggressive fulminant type are crucial to the management of patients of invasive fungal sinusitis. In order to improve outcomes of invasive fungal sinusitis, several factors require to be addressed. Education and training of medical personnel to identify the disease early forms the crux of successful management along with meticulous infection control practices, policies to control infection during construction and renovation of hospitals and early recognition of nosocomial outbreaks. Additionally concomitant research to understand the immunopathogenesis of the disease, immunogenetic risk factors for invasive fungal infections in humans and the development of diagnostic (such as PCR techniques and biomarkers) as well as therapeutic modalities (like immunopharmacology and vaccines) can improve outcomes. With the development of genome sequencing and molecular tools for studying fungi, this may all be soon possible (Table 1).