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Climate Change and Its Impact on Brackish Water Fish and Fishery

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Sensitivity of Mangrove Ecosystem to Changing Climate

Abstract

The neritic zone of the ocean, coastal and estuarine waters is extremely important from the production point of view as these areas receive major nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and silicate – the raw materials for primary production) from adjacent landmasses and sustain the foundation community of marine and estuarine biodiversity – the phytoplankton. This community comprises of diverse species of tiny free-floating floral components like Coscinodiscus sp., Chaetoceros sp., Fragilaria sp. and Biddulphia sp. The upwelling areas of the marine environment also support large population of several types of phytoplankton due to the presence of nutrient-rich water that are transported from the bottom of the ocean to the surface layer. The estuaries flowing through mangrove forests and salt-marsh grass ecosystems are also saturated with nutrients sourced from these coastal vegetations through microbial degradation of litter. The nutrients are basically the building blocks of phytoplankton biomass. Phytoplankton provide food to the zooplankton (the major groups include copepods, chaetognaths and harpacticoids) of the pelagic zone, which are finally consumed by fishes (like herring, cod, flounder, Bombay duck and Hilsa) that comprise the nekton community of the marine and estuarine ecosystems (Fig. 6.1). Any change in the lower tiers of food web due to sea-level rise, saline water intrusion into the bays and estuaries, ocean acidification (as a result of lowering of pH) or temperature rise is likely to be transmitted to the members of higher trophic level (nekton).

We should not tackle vast problem with half vast concepts.

Preston E. Cloud Jr.

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  1. Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Abhijit Mitra

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Mitra, A. (2013). Climate Change and Its Impact on Brackish Water Fish and Fishery. In: Sensitivity of Mangrove Ecosystem to Changing Climate. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1509-7_6

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