Abstract
Monitoring the quality and sustainability of the ecosystem with lichens has been studied worldwide. Three major categories of assessment that have been identified so far for the role of lichens in ecosystem monitoring include air quality, climate and biodiversity. Both natural and man-made disturbances/disasters are responsible for imbalance in the ecosystem.
With increasing economic growth, environmental contamination, especially air pollution, is resulting in environmental degradation in the developing nations of Asia, especially India. In order to attain sustainable economic development, monitoring and eradication of environmental problems is important. The highest priority issues include monitoring of the quality of air, water and soil, deforestation and degradation of the natural environment.
Lichens are very useful for monitoring spatial and/or temporal deposition patterns of pollutants as they allow accumulation of pollutant throughout its thalli, and concentrations of pollutants in lichen thalli may be directly correlated with environmental levels of these elements. Lichens also meet other characteristics of the ideal sentinel organism: they are long lived, having wide geographical distribution, and accumulate and retain many trace elements to concentrations that highly exceed their physiological requirements. The details of the factors affecting the ecosystem, natural as well as anthropogenic, and role of lichens in ecosystem monitoring have been discussed.
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Shukla, V., Upreti, D.K., Bajpai, R. (2014). Ecosystem Monitoring. In: Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1503-5_5
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