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Trichogrammatids: Adaptation to Stresses

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Biological Control of Insect Pests Using Egg Parasitoids

Abstract

Mass-reared trichogrammatids species require to be fortified with adequate levels of tolerance to the common physical and chemical stresses encountered in the target crop ecosystems. Past studies on the effects of the two physical factors—temperature and humidity—on the biology of Trichogramma have shown that temperature below 15 or above 35 °C tends to cause mostly negative effects on their survival and/or performance. It is possible to identify higher-temperature-tolerant strains among native species focused surveys as undertaken recently in East Africa. The other approach being successfully pursued at NBAII is to develop such strains by exposing the colonies to incremental levels of rearing temperature across generations. For instance, the temperature-tolerant strains recorded significantly higher parasitism than the laboratory strain up to 40 °C.

Greater progress has been made in India in developing insecticide-tolerant strains in the last two decades. The first attempt led to endosulfan-tolerant strain (T. chilonis commercially named as Endogram). Most recently, multiple insecticide strain (MITS-TC) has been developed against endosulfan, monocrotophos and fenvalerate. The available information on the genetics of stress-tolerant Trichogramma species is limited and needs to be enriched by more holistic studies. Future research on stress-tolerant strain development should include studies of heat shock protein (HSP), the genes and alleles responsible for stress tolerance and the mode of inheritance, besides seeking out for suitable mutants and assessing the role of endosymbionts on the stress tolerance and other fitness attributes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Entomology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (ICAR), 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, India

    T. Venkatesan

  2. Division of Insect Systematics, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (ICAR), Agricultural Entomology, 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, India

    S. K. Jalali

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  1. T. Venkatesan
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Correspondence to T. Venkatesan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Entomology, Sun Agro Biotech Research Centre, Madanandapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Sithanantham

  2. Agricutlural Entomology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Imp. Insects, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Chandish R. Ballal

  3. Agricultural Entomology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    S.K. Jalali

  4. Agricultural Entomology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    N Bakthavatsalam

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Venkatesan, T., Jalali, S.K. (2013). Trichogrammatids: Adaptation to Stresses. In: Sithanantham, S., Ballal, C., Jalali, S., Bakthavatsalam, N. (eds) Biological Control of Insect Pests Using Egg Parasitoids. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1181-5_6

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