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Proceedings of 10th International Kimberlite Conference pp 123–136Cite as

Nd–Hf Isotope Systematics of Megacrysts from the Mbuji-Mayi Kimberlites, D. R. Congo: Evidence for a Metasomatic Origin Related to Kimberlite Interaction with the Cratonic Lithospheric Mantle

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Abstract

Garnet and clinopyroxene megacrysts from the Cretaceous (70 Ma) Mbuji-Mayi kimberlites and one garnet megacryst from the lower Oligocene (32 Ma) Kundelungu kimberlites in Democratic Republic of Congo have been investigated for combined Nd and Hf isotope compositions. These megacrysts are thought to result from the metasomatic (re)crystallization of lithospheric mantle peridotites during the infiltration of a proto-kimberlitic melt/fluid. In addition, zircon and baddeleyite megacrysts from the Mbuji-Mayi kimberlites have been investigated for Hf isotope composition. Although baddeleyites are uncommon in kimberlite megacryst suites, their origin is most probably related to that of zircon megacrysts from Mbuji-Mayi. Mbuji-Mayi garnet megacrysts display ranges of εNd(t) from −0.6 to +6.1 and εHf(t) from +6.6 to +12.1; the Kundelungu garnet megacryst has overlapping isotopic compositions (+0.8 and +6.0, respectively). By contrast, Mbuji-Mayi clinopyroxene megacrysts display a more restricted range of εNd(t) values (+2.7 to +4.6) and extend toward lower εHf(t) compositions (+3.0 to +9.1). Mbuji-Mayi zircon and baddeleyite megacrysts have similar εHf(t) values (+6.5 to +7.1 and +6.0 to +8.4, respectively). Differences in initial isotopic composition between garnets on the one hand and clinopyroxenes, zircons, and baddeleyites on the other have been confirmed by various Hf and Nd model ages calculations. Clinopyroxene, zircon, and baddeleyite megacrysts plot close to the worldwide kimberlite field in a combined εHf(t)-εNd(t) plot, which favors recent (i.e. at or shortly before the time of kimberlite eruption) crystallization through interaction between the infiltrating proto-kimberlite melt/fluid and peridotite wall rocks. On the other hand, the wide range of εNd(t) values and the higher εHf(t) values for garnet megacrysts suggest that they have been formed through recrystallization of old garnet-bearing peridotitic protoliths in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Calculated rare earth element patterns of liquids in equilibrium with clinopyroxene megacrysts confirm the direct relationship to Group I kimberlites, while those in equilibrium with garnet megacrysts show more variability, which could also reflect that their formation results from more complex processes.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the late Dr Carlos Fieremans (former executive officer of the MIBA) and to Dr Mark Fieremans, who generously provided the exceptional collection of megacrysts from Mbuji-Mayi. MP is supported by a FRIA-FNRS grant and Van Buuren funding. Ivan Petrov and Claude Maerschalk are thanked for helping on the Nu Plasma and in the clean laboratory, respectively. The detailed and constructive review of Dr S. Tappe is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement (DSTE) (CP 160/02), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    M. Pivin, V. Debaille, N. Mattielli & D. Demaiffe

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  1. M. Pivin
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  2. V. Debaille
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Correspondence to M. Pivin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    D Graham Pearson

  2. Dept of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Herman S Grütter

  3. School of Geographical & Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    Jeff W Harris

  4. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Bruce A Kjarsgaard

  5. Finland Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Espoo, Finland

    Hugh O’Brien

  6. Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    N V Chalapathi Rao

  7. School of Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom

    Steven Sparks

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Pivin, M., Debaille, V., Mattielli, N., Demaiffe, D. (2013). Nd–Hf Isotope Systematics of Megacrysts from the Mbuji-Mayi Kimberlites, D. R. Congo: Evidence for a Metasomatic Origin Related to Kimberlite Interaction with the Cratonic Lithospheric Mantle . In: Pearson, D., et al. Proceedings of 10th International Kimberlite Conference. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1170-9_8

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