Abstract
Air pollution causes more than 3 million premature deaths worldwide every year (WHO factsheet 2011). Studies show that there is a strong association between poor quality of air and the human mortality and morbidity. Among five environmental risks explaining DALY, indoor smoke is the second most important factor and it affects mostly the low and middle income countries. The indoor pollution is more aggressive because the same amount of air pollutant released indoors, produces roughly thousand times more exposure-impact than it would do outdoors (Smith 2008). Sub Saharan Africa and South East Asian countries, especially Indian subcontinent, are the major bearer of the risk from indoor pollution from solid fuels. The concentration of indoor pollutants, particularly SPM and RPM, is alarming in India. It sometimes ranges between 2,000 and 18,000 μg/m3 against the safe level of 100 μg/m3 recommended by NAAQM standard (Smith, 1996).
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Notes
- 1.
DALY stands for Disability Adjusted Life Years and is accepted as a measure of morbidity; this measure combines deaths and illness, allowing for the level of disability (impaired health) resulting from the illness and the number of years of life affected by this disability (if the person survives) or lost completely (if the person dies).
- 2.
Energy Ladder Hypothesis.
- 3.
The survey was financially supported by the UGC as a UPE project on Spatial Concentration of Pollution and Morbidity Impact in the City of Kolkata: Efficient Intervention Strategies.
- 4.
A pseudo standard deviation is (IQR/1.35) which should be equal to the actual standard deviation for a Normal density.
- 5.
The survey was conducted as part of a UGC Project funded under UPE Scheme titled ‘Spatial Concentration of Pollution and Morbidity Impact in the City of Kolkata: Efficient Intervention Strategies’.
- 6.
Red and Orange category industries as per POLUACT Code.
- 7.
It is more common to run TOBIT regression with any index as a dependent variable (as the value of an index gets truncated at 0 by construction).
- 8.
All M 2 values are calculated from the threshold TOBIT regression.
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Dutta, S., Banerjee, S. (2013). Indoor Air Pollution and Incidence of Morbidity: A Study on Urban West Bengal. In: Banerjee, S., Chakrabarti, A. (eds) Development and Sustainability. Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1124-2_21
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