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On the Enzyme Specificity for the Synthesis of Prebiotic Galactooligosaccharides

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Advances in Enzyme Biotechnology

Abstract

β-Galactosidases catalyze transgalactosylation reactions in which lactose as well as the glucose and galactose released by hydrolysis serve as galactosyl acceptors yielding a series of galactooligosaccharides (GOS). GOS constitute the major part of oligosaccharides in human milk and are responsible of the formation of a Bifidus microbiota in the intestine of milk-fed babies. The bioactive properties of GOS depend on their chemical composition, structure, and polymerization degree. We have analyzed the product specificity of various β-galactosidases, namely, those from Kluyveromyces lactis, Bacillus circulans, and Aspergillus oryzae. The major products synthesized by B. circulans β-galactosidase contained only β-(1 → 4) bonds, whereas the enzyme from K. lactis synthesized GOS with major presence of β-(1 → 6) linkages. The A. oryzae β-galactosidase formed preferentially β-(1 → 6) bonds, with minor proportion of β-(1 → 3). B. circulans and K. lactis β-galactosidases produce nearly 45–50 % (w/w) GOS, whereas the A. oryzae enzyme produces less than 30 % (w/w). Another difference between the three enzymes was the polymerization degree of products; in particular, for a GOS mixture enriched in disaccharides, K. lactis and A. oryzae β-galactosidases are the best choices. In contrast, the B. circulans enzyme would be preferable for a GOS product with a high trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides content.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ramiro Martínez (Novozymes A/S, Madrid, Spain) for supplying Lactozym and for useful suggestions. We thank DSM Food Specialties for supplying Maxilact LGX 5000. Projects BIO2010-20508-C04-01 and BIO2010-20508-C04-04 from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation supported this research. B.R.C and M.A. were supported by fellowships from the Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation (FPI program) and Education and Culture (FPU program), respectively. P. U was supported by a PhD Fellowship and international internship from Conicyt-Chile.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Marie Curie 2, Madrid, 28049, Spain

    Barbara Rodriguez-Colinas, Lucia Fernandez-Arrojo, Paulina Urrutia, Antonio O. Ballesteros & Francisco J. Plou

  2. Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain

    Miguel de Abreu & Maria Fernandez-Lobato

  3. School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Paulina Urrutia

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  1. Barbara Rodriguez-Colinas
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Correspondence to Francisco J. Plou .

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Pratyoosh Shukla

  2. Department of Biochemistry,, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

    Brett I. Pletschke

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Rodriguez-Colinas, B. et al. (2013). On the Enzyme Specificity for the Synthesis of Prebiotic Galactooligosaccharides. In: Shukla, P., Pletschke, B. (eds) Advances in Enzyme Biotechnology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1094-8_3

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