Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Momordica genus in Asia - An Overview pp 77–87Cite as

Cytogenetics and Genetics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Chromosome size was found to be considerably uniform between the monoecious and dioecious group except M. subangulata subsp. renigera and M. cymbalaria. High numbers of submedian to nearly terminal chromosomes were observed in M. subangulata subsp. renigera which might be due to breakage and reunion of metacentric chromosomes and their duplication in the natural process of evolution. M. cymbalaria (sect. Raphanocarpus) diverged from the other two sections of Momordica occurring in Asia some 30 million years ago and hence the cytological differences. Among all the possible cross combinations, only two viz., M. charantia × M. balsamina and M. dioica × M. sahyadrica, produced fertile hybrids. Complete cross incompatibility was observed between the monoecious and dioecious species while partial to complete compatibility was observed within the groups (monoecious and dioecious). Based on the evaluation of hybrid progeny between M. dioica and M. sahyadrica it seems that M. sahyadrica is more advanced and might have evolved from M. dioica in the Western Ghats and may be considered as neo-endemic. Studies on the inheritance of some qualitative traits in bitter gourd revealed that, green fruit skin colour is monogenically dominant over the white fruit colour (w); the dark brown seed coat colour is dominant over the light brown seed (lbs) coat colour in a monogenic inheritance; the small seed is completely dominant over the large size seed where one pair of genes is involved. Yield per plant had high positive and high significant correlation with the number of fruits per plant, number of nodes per vine, fruit weight, fruit length and number of flowers per plant. This chapter attempts to cover the cytogenetics and evolutionary relation among the species and genetics of different characters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agarwal PK, Roy RP (1976) Natural polyploids in Cucurbitaceae I. Cytogenetical studies in triploid Momordica dioica Roxb. Caryologia 29:7–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal JS, Khanna AN, Singh SP (1957) Studies on floral biology and breeding of Momordica charantia Linn. Indian J Hortic 14:42–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcazar JTE, Gulick PJ (1983) Genetic resources of Cucurbitaceae—a global report. IBPGR, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2004) Wide hybridization. In: Rai M, Singh J (eds) IIVR annual report, 2004. Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, p 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Arunachalam P (2002) Breeding for resistance to distortion mosaic virus in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Dissertation, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala

    Google Scholar 

  • Beevy SS, Kuriachan P (1996) Chromosome numbers of South Indian Cucurbitaceae and a note on the cytological evolution of the family. J Cytol Genet 31:65–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Behera TK, Dey SS, Munshi AD, Gaikwad AB, Pal A, Singh I (2009) Sex inheritance and development of gynoecious hybrids in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Sci Hortic 120:130–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behera TK, Behera S, Bharathi LK, Joseph JK, Simon PW, Staub JE (2010) Bitter gourd: botany, horticulture and breeding. In: Jules J (ed) Horticultural reviews, vol 37. Wiley Blackwell, pp 101–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Behera TK, Joseph JK, Bharathi LK, Karuppaiyan R (2011) Momordica. In: Kole C (ed) Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources. Springer, Netherlands. ISBN 978-3-642-20449-4, pp 217–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaduri PN, Bose PC (1947) Cytogenetical investigation in some cucurbits with special reference to fragmentation of chromosomes as a physical basis of speciation. J Genet 48:237–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK (2010) Phylogenetic studies in Indian Momordica species. Dissertation, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Naik G, Dora DK (2006) Studies on genetic variability in spine gourd. Indian J Hortic 63:96–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Vinod, Munshi AD, Behera TK, Shanti C, Kattukunnel JJ, Das AB, Vishalnath (2010a) Cytomorphological evidence for segmental allopolyploid origin of Teasel gourd (Momordica subangulata subsp. renigera). Euphytica 176:79–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Munshi AD, Behera TK, Joseph JK (2010b) Relationship among Indian species of Momordica based on crossability studies. In: Abstracts of 4th Indian Horticulture Congress, IARI, New Delhi, 18–21 November 2010, p 271

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Munshi AD, Vinod, Shanti C, Behera TK, Das AB, Joseph JK, Vishalnath (2011a) Cyto-taxonomical analysis of Momordica L. (Cucurbitaceae) species of Indian occurrence. J Genet 90:21–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Vinod, Das AB, Behera TK, Naik G, Vishalnath (2011b) Cytomorphological and molecular characterization of interspecific F1 hybrid of Momordica dioica Roxb. × Momordica subangulata subsp. renigera. Afr J Agric Res 6:2982–2990

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Munshi AD, Behera TK, Vinod, Joseph JK, Bhat KV, Das AB, Sidhu AS (2012a) Production and preliminary characterization of novel inter-specific hybrids derived from Momordica species. Curr Sci 103:178–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi LK, Singh HS, Mandal S, Srinivas P (2012b) A novel inter-specific hybrid of Momordica subangulata subsp. renigera × Momordica dioica with desirable agronomic traits. In: Abstracts of global conference on horticulture for food, nutrition and livelihood options. ASM foundation and OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 28–31 May 2012, p 120

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho Y, Ozaki Y, Okubo H, Matsuda S (2006) Ploidies of kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.) cultivated in Bangladesh. Sci Bull Fac Agr Kyushu Univ 61:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury AR, Sikdar B (2005) Genetic analysis for nine fruit characters in relation to five parental diallel crossing of bitter gourd. J Life Earth Sci 1:31–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman JR (1982) Chromosome numbers of angiosperms collected in the state Sao Paulo. Rev Brasil Genet 3:533–549

    Google Scholar 

  • Devadas VS, Ramadas S (1994) Heterosis and combining ability for bitter principles in Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbit Genet Coop Rpt 17:132–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey SS, Behera TK, Munshi AD, Bhatia R (2009) Genetic variability, genetic advance and heritability in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Indian Agriculturist 53:7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutt B, Pandey C (1983) Callose deposition in relation to incompatibility in Momordica species. In: Sinha RD, Sinha U (eds) Current approaches in cytogenetics. Spectrum Publishing House, Patna, pp 201–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoque A, Hossain M, Arima S, Islam R (2003) Pollen–stigma interaction and crossability barriers within and between crosses of diploid, triploid Kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.). In: Proceedings of the Asian Agriculture Congress, Manila, Philippines, 24–27 April 2001, p 134

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain MA, Islam M, Ali M (1996) Sexual crossing between two genetically female plants and sex genetics of kakrol (Momordica dioica Roxb.). Euphytica 90:121–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Islam MR, Hossain MS, Bhuiyan MSR, Husna A, Syed MA (2009) Genetic variability and path-coefficient analysis of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Int J Sustain Agric 1:53–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha UC (1990) Autosomal chromosomes carrying sex genes in Momordica dioica Roxb. Curr Sci 59:606–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha UC, Trivedi SK (1989) Meiotic analysis in three species of Momordica (Cucurbitaceae). In: Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress Association, vol 76, p 185

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha UC, Dutt B, Roy RP (1989) Mitotic studies in Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) a new report. Cell Chrom Res 12:55–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph JK (2005) Studies on ecogeography and genetic diversity of the genus Momordica L. in India. Dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph JK, Antony VT, Roy YC (2007) On the occurrence, distribution and taxonomy of Momordica subangulata Blume ssp. renigera (G. Don) de Wilde in India. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54:1327–1332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khattra AS, Singh R, Thakur JC (2000) Combining ability studies in bitter gourd in relation to line × tester crossing system. Veg Sci 27:148–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Kole C, Olukolu BA, Kole P, Rao VK, Bajpai A, Backiyarani S, Singh J, Elanchezhian R, Abbott AG (2012) The first genetic map and positions of major fruit trait loci of bitter melon (Momordica charantia). J Plant Sci Mol Breed. http://www.hoajonline.com/journals/jpsmb/content/pdf/1.pdf

  • Lombello RA, Pinto-Magilo CAF (2007) Cytomolecular studies in Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), a potential medicinal plant. Cytologia 72:415–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClintok B (1929) A method for making acetocarmine smears permanent. Stain Technol 4:53–56

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay JW (1930) Chromosome numbers in the Cucurbitaceae. Bot Gaz 89:416–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehetre SS, Thombre MV (1980) Meiotic studies in Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl. Curr Sci 49:289

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty CR, Maharana T, Tripathy P, Senapati N (1994) Interspecific hybridization in Momordica species. Mysore J Agric Sci 28:151–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondal A, Ghosh GP, Zuberi MI (2006) Phylogenetic relationship of different kakrol collections of Bangladesh. Pak J Biol Sci 9:1516–1524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panda A, Singh DK, Bairagi SK (2008) Heterosis and combining ability in bitter gourd. Progressive Hortic 40:33–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey VS, Saran S (1987) A natural triploid in Momordica charantia L. Cell Chrom Res 11:33–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Parhi S, Mishra HN, Mishra RS (1995) Correlation and path coefficient studies in bitter gourd. Indian J Hortic 52:132–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Raja S, Bagle BG, Dhandar DG (2007) Genetic variability studies in bitter gourd for zero irrigated condition of semi-arid ecosystem. Indian J Hortic 64:425–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Ram D, Kumar S, Singh M, Rai M, Kalloo G (2006) Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). J heredity 97:294–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandran C (1978) Genetic variability, correlation studies and path coefficient analysis in bitter gourd. Dissertation, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyes MEC, Rasco ET (1994) Induction and inheritance of restricted vine growth mutant in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Philipp J Crop Sci 19:3

    Google Scholar 

  • Richharia RH, Ghosh PN (1953) Meiosis in Momordica dioica Roxb. Curr Sci 22:17–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson RW, Decker-Walters DS (1997) Cucurbits. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 97–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy RP, Thakur V, Trivedi RN (1966) Cytogenetical studies in Momordica. J Cytol Genet 1:30–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanwal SK, Kozak M, Kumar S, Singh B, Deka BC (2011) Yield improvement through female homosexual hybrids and sex genetics of sweet gourd (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng). Acta Physiol Plant 33:1991–1996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar DD, Majumdar T (1993) Cytological and palynological investigations in Momordica subangulata (Cucurbitaceae). J Econ Tax Bot 17:151–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer H, Renner SS (2010) A three-genome phylogeny of Momordica (Cucurbitaceae) suggests seven returns from dioecy to monoecy and recent long-distance dispersal to Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 54:553–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen R, Dutta KB (1975) Sexual dimorphism and polyploidy in Momordica L. (Cucurbitaceae). In: Proceedings of the 62nd Indian Sci Cong, Part III, p 127

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma NK, Bhutani RD (2001) Correlation and path analysis studies in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Haryana J Hortic Sci 30:84–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh AK (1990) Cytogenetics and evolution in the Cucurbitaceae. In: Bates DM, Robinson RW, Jeffrey C (eds) Biology and utilization of Cucurbitaceae. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York and London, pp 10–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Joshi S (1980) Heterosis and combining ability in bitter gourd. Indian J Agric Sci 50:558–561

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh D, Bahadur V, Singh DB, Ghosh G (2009) Spine gourd (Momordica dioica): an underutilized vegetable with high nutritional and medicinal values. Acta Hortic (ISHS) 809:241–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha S, Debnath B, Sinha RK (1996) Karyological studies in dioecious Momordica cochinchinensis with reference to average packing ratio. Cytologia 61:297–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha S, Debnath B, Sinha RK (1997) Differential condensation of chromosome complements of dioecious Momordica dioica Roxb. in relation to DNA content. Indian J Exp Biol 35:1246–1248

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava VK, Nath P (1972) Inheritance of some qualitative characters in Momordica charantia. Indian J Hortic 29:319–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava VK, Srivastava LS (1976) Genetic parameters, correlation coefficients and path coefficient analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Indian J Hortic 33:66–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Steussy TF (1990) Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Suribabu B, Reddy NE, Ramarao M (1986) Inheritance of certain quantitative and qualitative characters in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). South Indian Hortic 34:380–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Taja M, Wehner TC (2008) Gene list for other genera of Cucurbitaceae. Cucurbit Genet Coop Rpt http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cgc/cgcgenes/gene08cucgenera.html

  • Tewatia AS, Dhankhar BS (1996) Inheritance of resistance to melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Indian J Agric Sci 66:617–620

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi RN, Roy RP (1972) Cytological studies in some species of Momordica. Genetica 43:282–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vahab MA (1989) Homeostatic analysis of components of genetic variance and inheritance of fruit colour, fruit shape and bitterness in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Dissertation, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala

    Google Scholar 

  • Vahab MA, Peter KV (1993) Crossability between Momordica charantia and Momordica dioica. Cucurbit Genetics Coop Rpt 16:84

    Google Scholar 

  • Varghese BN (1973) Studies on cytology and evolution of South Indian Cucurbitaceae. Dissertation, Kerala University, Thiruvananthapuram

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker TW (1933) Cytological and phylogenetic studies in the Cucurbitaceae. Bot Gaz 94:780–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Horticulture, Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Aiginia, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Orissa, India

    L. K. Bharathi

  2. Economic Botany, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India

    K. Joseph John

Authors
  1. L. K. Bharathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Joseph John
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. K. Bharathi .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bharathi, L.K., John, K.J. (2013). Cytogenetics and Genetics. In: Momordica genus in Asia - An Overview. Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1032-0_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation