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Heat Stress and Milk Production

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Heat Stress and Animal Productivity

Abstract

Heat stress at the initiation of lactation negatively impacts the total milk production. Climatic conditions appeared to have maximum influence during the first 60 days of lactation when high-producing cows are in negative energy balance and make up for the deficit by mobilising body reserves. High-yielding cows are affected more than low yielding ones because the upper critical temperature shifts downwards as milk production, feed intake and heat production increase. High humidity seems to affect buffaloes less than cattle, since buffaloes may be superior to cattle in humid areas if shade or wallows are available. Heat stress causes the rostral cooling centre of the hypothalamus to stimulate the medial satiety centre which inhibits the lateral appetite centre and consequently lowers milk production. The heat-stressed cows depend on glucose for body energy needs; therefore, less glucose is directed towards the mammary gland, and there is a decline in milk production. Negative energy balance is associated with various metabolic changes that are implemented to support the dominant physiological condition of lactation. Marked alterations in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism ensure partitioning of dietary-derived and tissue-originating nutrients towards the mammary gland, and many of these changes are medi­a­ted by endogenous somatotropin which is naturally increased during periods of negative energy balance. Milk constituents are greatly affected by hyperthermia. The ability to use powerful new tools in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics to evaluate genetic diffe­rences between animals in their response to thermal stress will yield important new information in the next quarter-century and will permit the selection of cattle for resistance to thermal stress.

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  1. Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Anjali Aggarwal (Principal Scientist) & Ramesh Upadhyay (Principal Scientist)

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  1. Anjali Aggarwal
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  2. Ramesh Upadhyay
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Aggarwal, A., Upadhyay, R. (2013). Heat Stress and Milk Production. In: Heat Stress and Animal Productivity. Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0879-2_3

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