Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prenatal Genetic Studies on Intrauterine Growth Retardation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the Issues

  • 1187 Accesses

Abstract

Intrauterine growth retardation/restriction (IUGR) implies that fetal growth is being inhibited and that fetus does not attain its growth potential. Prenatal diagnosis enables early diagnosis of congenital anomalies and genetic disorders in utero. Thirty-eight high-risk pregnancies whose gestational age ranged from 14 to 30 weeks with a mean gestational age of 20.05 were selected. Chromosome analysis and cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay were performed. The mean CBMN frequency of study subjects was 13 and the control subjects showed 10.14 (p < 0.05). Chromosome analysis revealed 65.78% of normal karyotype and 34.21% abnormal karyotypes. The abnormal karyotypes include 92.30% of numerical abnormalities and 7.69% structural abnormalities. The incidence of abnormal karyotype and CBMN frequency increased with increased paternal and maternal age, duration of married life, previous history of abortion and IUGR, socioeconomic status, etc. Genetic counseling in association with modern prenatal diagnostic procedures constitutes a basic element of prevention of congenital anomalies and genetic disorders. The magnitude of the risk of occurrence, the impact of the disease on the patient and family, and the anticipated future developments are the main informations conveyed during genetic counseling. Hence from the present study, it can be concluded that proper diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities can lead to the prevention of future birth of similarly affected children. This can be achieved by instituting genetic counseling. Parents with an IUGR fetus should be counseled that their neonates may have some immediate complications at birth but also some long-term complications including impaired cognitive function such as learning disabilities and spastic cerebral palsy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kady M, Gardosi J. Perinatal mortality and fetal growth restriction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18:397–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Odegard RA, Vatten LJ, Nilsen ST, Salvesen KA, Austgulen R. Preeclampsia and fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;96:950–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lindqvist PG, Molin J. Does antenatal identification of small-for-gestational age fetuses significantly improve their outcome? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25:258–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang J, Merialdi M, Platt LD, et al. Defining normal and abnormal fetal growth: promises and challenges. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(6):522–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(16):1234–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Maulik D. Fetal growth restriction: the etiology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006;49(2):228–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kinzler WL, Vintzileos M. Fetal growth restriction: a modern approach. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;20:125–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Pedersen NG, Figures F. Early fetal size and growth as predictors of adverse outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:765–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician- gynecologists. Number 12. Jan; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dunger DB, Petry CJ, Ong KK. Genetic variations and normal fetal growth. Horm Res. 2006;65(suppl):34–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang J. Defining normal and abnormal fetal growth: promises and challenges. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010, Jun 202(6):522–8.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fenech M. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nat Protoc. 2007;2:1084–104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fenech M, Kirsch-Volders M, Natarajan AT, et al. Molecular mechanisms of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud formation in mammalian and human cells. Mutagenesis. 2010;26:125–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Handel MA, Schimenti JC. Genetics of mammalian meiosis: regulation, dynamics and impact on fertility. Nat Rev Genet. 2010;11:124–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Obradors A, Rius M, Cuzzi J, et al. Errors at mitotic segregation early in oogenesis and at first meiotic division in oocytes from donor females: comparative genomic hybridization analyses in metaphase II oocytes and their first polar body. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:675–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Van Leeuwen DM, Pedersen M, Knudsen LE, Bonassi S, Fenech M, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen DGJ. Transcriptomic network analysis of micronuclei-related genes: a case study. Mutagenesis. 2010;26:27–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mandruzzato GP, et al. Intrauterine growth restriction. Recommendations and guidelines for perinatal practice. J Perinat Med. 2008;36:277–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Vinson RK, Hales BF. DNA repair during organogenesis. Mutat Res. 2002;509:79–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fenech M. The Genome Health Clinic and Genome Health Nutrigenomics concepts: diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome and epigenome damage on an individual basis. Mutagenesis. 2005;20:255–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Trkova M, Kapras J, Bobkova K, Stankova J, Mejsnarova B. Increased micronuclei frequencies in couples with reproductive failure. Reprod Toxicol. 2000;14:331–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sankoff D, Deneault M, Turbis P, Allen C. Chromosomal distributions of breakpoints in cancer, infertility, and evolution. Theor Popul Biol. 2002;61:497–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Warren JE, Silver RM. Genetics of pregnancy loss. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;51:84–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Morawiec Z, Janik K, Kowalski M, Stetkiewicz T, Szaflik J, Morawiec-Bajda A, Sobczuk A, Blasiak J. DNA damage and repair in children with Down’s syndrome. Mutat Res. 2008;637:118–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Barros FC, Huttly SRA, Victora CG, Kirkwood BR, Vaughan JP. Comparison of the causes and consequences of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation: a ­longitudinal study in southern Brazil. Pediatrics. 1992;90(2 Pt 1):238–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Barker DJ. The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med. 2007;261:412–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Altshuler G. Diseases of placenta and their effect on transport. Mead Johnson Symp Perinat Dev Med. 1981;18:35–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Banatvala JE, Potter JE, Best JM. Interferon response to Sendai and rubella virus in human foetal cultures. J Gen Virol. 1971;13:193–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Roberts RM, Farin CE, Cross JC. Trophoblast proteins and maternal recognition of pregnancy. Oxf Rev Reprod Biol. 1990;12:147–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Roberts RM, Cross JC, Leaman DW. Interferons as hormones of pregnancy. Endocr Rev. 1992;13:432–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Stagno S, Pass RF, Coud G. Primary Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: incidence, transmission to fetus and clinical syndrome. JAMA. 1986;256(14):1904–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hossain A, Bakir TM, Ramia HS. Immune status to congenital infection by TORCH agents in pregnant Saudi women. J Trop Pediatr. 1986;32:84–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Seth P, Balaya S, Mahapatra LN. Seroepidemiological study of rubella infection in female subjects of Delhi and its surrounding villages. Indian J Med Res. 1971;59:190–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health Sciences, Kannur University, 670661, Thalassery Campus, Kannur, Kerala, India

    P. Jisha

  2. Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, 636 308, Tamil Nadu, India

    R. Manikkumar

  3. Ittyavirah Scan & Genetic Research, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 011, Kerala, India

    D. Dinesh Roy & K. Ittyavirah Alex

Authors
  1. P. Jisha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Manikkumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Dinesh Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Ittyavirah Alex
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Jisha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dept of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Kannur University, Palayad P.O,Thalassery Campus, Kannur, 670661, Kerala, India

    Abdulhameed Sabu

  2. , Dept. of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Palayad P.O, Thalassery Campus, Kannur, 670661, Kerala, India

    Anu Augustine

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer India

About this paper

Cite this paper

Jisha, P., Manikkumar, R., Roy, D.D., Alex, K.I. (2012). Prenatal Genetic Studies on Intrauterine Growth Retardation. In: Sabu, A., Augustine, A. (eds) Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the Issues. Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0810-5_43

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation