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Space Investments: Southeast Asia

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Asian Space Race: Rhetoric or Reality?

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Abstract

Southeast Asia a humid tropical region is located around the equator and also has various geographic contrasts too. Since the sixteenth century, the region has been under European and Japanese colonisation for many decades. Various countries in the region regained their independent existence approximately four to five decades ago. The region, in general, has been characterised by high economic growth and closer regional integration.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    APSCO has started its operations in Beijing during December 2008, 16 years after the idea was put forward. It has seven member states, China, Bangladesh, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru and Thailand. Indonesia and Turkey have also signed the APSCO convention. Representatives from Argentina, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia and Sri Lanka also attended the founding ceremony.

  2. 2.

    Speech by Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President Republic Of Indonesia, ‘Indonesia and America: a 21st Century Partnership’, at a USINDO Luncheon, Washington DC, 14 Nov 2008.

  3. 3.

    Aceh is a region in Indonesia, which incidentally was very close to the epicentre of the infamous Indian Ocean earthquake which triggered 2004 tsunami killing; approximately 170,000 Indonesians were killed.

  4. 4.

    Edward Aspinall, ‘Aceh/Indonesia: Conflict Analysis and Options for Systemic Conflict Transformation a report prepared for the Berghof Foundation for Peace Support’, August 2005, p.2 and Matthew N. Davies, Indonesia’s War over Ache, Routledge, London, 2006

  5. 5.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palapa, accessed on Sep 30, 2011.

  6. 6.

    A global communications leader with more than four decades of experience, Intelsat helps service providers, broadcasters, corporations and governments deliver information and entertainment anywhere in the world, instantly, securely and reliably.

  7. 7.

    The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, p.311.

  8. 8.

    Indosat is a leading telecommunication and information provider in Indonesia that provides cellular, fixed telecommunication and multimedia, data communication and Internet (MIDI). The details are available at http://www.indosat.com/About_Indosat/Corporate_Profile/History, accessed on Oct 21, 2011.

  9. 9.

    Toto Marnanto Kadri and Adi Sadewo Salatun, ‘Indonesian LAPAN-TUBSAT Micro-Satellite Development’, presentation given by these LAPAN officials at Bangalore, India, Nov 2007, http://www.aprsaf.org/data/aprsaf14_data/day2/P07\_LAPAN\%20APRSAF-14\%20Plenary1c.pdf and http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/lapan-tubsat.htm, accessed on Oct 20, 2011.

  10. 10.

    The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is being built by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO—constituting various states and organisations) to coordinate international efforts (period 2005–2015) in respect of environmental data and decision-support tools. http://www.earthobservations.org/geoss.shtml, and www.prime-pco.com/geoss/pdf/day1/Country…/05_Indonesia.pdf, accessed on Dec 2, 2011.

  11. 11.

    http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/indostar-1.htmand http://www.lyngsat.com/cw1.html, accessed on Sep 28, 2011.

  12. 12.

    ‘Indonesian Indostar II Satellite Successfully Launched’, May 19, 2009, http://www.defencetalk.com/indonesian-indostar-ii-satellite-launched-18990/, and http://www.space-travel.com/reports/ILS_Proton_Launches_Indostar_II_Protostar_II_Satellite_999.html, accessed on Sep 28, 2011.

  13. 13.

    Based on the presentation given by Mr Toto Marnanto Kadri from LAPAN at the 17th Session Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF-17) during Nov 2010, Melbourne, Australia, available at www.aprsaf.org/data/…data/Day2-csa_1200_T_Marnanto_Kadri.pdf, accessed on Sep 24, 2011.

  14. 14.

    http://www.space-travel.com/reports/Indonesia_launches_rocket_into_space_999.html, accessed on Sep 24, 2011.

  15. 15.

    http://www.elektroindonesia.com/elektro/assi0201.htmland http://goodnewsfromindonesia.org/2010/01/20/revisiting-biak-spaceport/, accessed on Sept 24, 2011.

  16. 16.

    Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei, Lonely Planet (this book is available in its electronic version.), 2009, pp. 32–49.

  17. 17.

    Breaking New Scientific Frontiers, INSIGHTCS@MASTIC, Volume 7 October 2008 Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia Publication, p. 6.

  18. 18.

    Breaking New Scientific Frontiers, INSIGHTCS@MASTIC, Volume 7 October 2008 Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia Publication, p.6 and M. Ansdell, L. Delgado, D. Hendrickson, ‘Analyzing the Development Paths of Emerging Spacefaring Nations: Opportunities or Challenges for Space Sustainability?’, April 2011, Capstone Research, pp. 12–14.

  19. 19.

    Presentation by Mohd. Alauddin Mohd. Ali from the Institute of Space Science, ‘Space Activities in Malaysia’, available at www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/sap/hsti/…/HSTI.Alauddin.pdf, accessed on Dec 2, 2011 and M. Ansdell, L. Delgado, D. Hendrickson, ‘Analyzing the Development Paths of Emerging Spacefaring Nations: Opportunities or Challenges for Space Sustainability?’, April 2011, Capstone Research, pp. 12–14 and Statement by Prof. Datuk Dr. Mazlan Othman Head of the Malaysian Delegation at UNISPACE III conference, www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20mal.htm, accessed on Nov 26, 2011"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LYeoNrvZs_IJ:www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20mal.htm+Statement+by+Prof.+Datuk+Dr.+Mazlan+Othman+Head+of+the+Malaysian+Delegation%26cd=1%26hl=en%26ct=clnk%26gl=in"

  20. 20.

    Malaysian Space Dream: Is it okay with just CANSAT and Water Rocket?, malfly.blogspot.com/…/malaysian-space-dream-is-it-okay-with.html, Oct 5, 2011, accessed on Dec 10, 2011.

  21. 21.

    Most of the information of Vietnam’s space programme is from Ajey Lele, ‘India-Vietnam Space Cooperation: Looking for New Frontiers’, http://sspconline.org/opinion/IndiaVietnamSpaceCooperationNewFrontiers_14092011, Sept 14, 2011, accessed on Dec 2, 2011.

  22. 22.

    ‘Space Technology in Vietnam: 2010 Country Report’ at Melbourne, Nov 2010, http://www.aprsaf.org/data/aprsaf17_data/D3-1330_N_Khoa_Son.pdfaccessedon Dec 12, 2011.

  23. 23.

    Presentation by Prof. Doan Minh Chung from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, ‘Space Technology Development in Vietnam’, at Istanbul during Sep 2010, http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files//spaceworkshop/presentations/Chung.DoanMinh.pdf, accessed on Nov 30f, 2011.

  24. 24.

    ‘Vietnam Selecting Belgium For Second EO Satellite’, Jul 29, 2011, http://www.spacemart.com/reports/Vietnam_Selecting_Belgium_For_Second_EO_Satellite_999.html, accessed on Nov 14, 2011.

  25. 25.

    ‘Japan Grants US$ 1.2 billion of ODA for Vietnam’, Nov 3, 2011, http://www.vccinews.com/news_detail.asp?news_id=24651and ‘Japan to offer ODA for Vietnam’, Aug 14, 2011, http://www.houseofjapan.com/local/japan-to-offer-oda-for-vietnam, accessed on Dec 6, 2011.

  26. 26.

    ‘Vietnam to build US$ 600 million national space center’, http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/Science_Technology/2011/11/98324/accessed on Dec 10, 2011.

  27. 27.

    It was established in 1993 to enhance space activities in the Asia-Pacific region and presently 269 organisations from 33 countries and region and 22 international organisations are members of this forum and presentation by Prof. Doan Minh Chung from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, ‘Space Technology Development in Vietnam’, at Istanbul during Sept 2010, http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files//spaceworkshop/presentations/Chung.DoanMinh.pdf, accessed on Nov 30, 2011.

  28. 28.

    http://esciencenews.com/articles/2011/04/20/singapores.first.locally.made.satellite.launched.space, accessed on Sep 26, 2011.

  29. 29.

    ‘China to build, launch satellite for Laos’, Sep 26, 2009, http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/China_to_build_launch_satellite_for_Laos_999.html, accessed on Jan 12, 2011.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses, Rao Tula Ram Marg, New Delhi, India

    Ajey Lele

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  1. Ajey Lele
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Lele, A. (2013). Space Investments: Southeast Asia. In: Asian Space Race: Rhetoric or Reality?. Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0733-7_9

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