Abstract
Non-DNA-targeted effects of ionising radiation are defined as effects triggered by radiative energy deposition in cellular targets other than nuclear DNA; these include radiation-induced bystander effects and processes that can be mediated via bystander mechanisms, such as genomic instability and adaptive responses. Laboratory studies show that these responses are favoured by heterogeneous irradiation conditions. Heterogeneous conditions occur at low doses and low dose rates where radiation tracks are sparsely distributed over a cell population; this situation favours bystander signalling between hit and non-hit cells. Non-DNA-targeted effects are currently considered to be candidate mechanisms for any failure of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model to extrapolate radiation risk estimates accurately down to low doses. Some non-DNA-targeted effects have the potential to increase low-dose risk above the LNT extrapolation, and others could decrease the risk.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Preston DL, Ron E, Tokuoka S, et al (2007) Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958–1998. Radiat Res 168:1–64
UNSCEAR (2000) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report to the General Assembly with scientific annexes, vol I. Sources. United Nations, New York
Prise KM, Folkard M, Michael BD (2003) Bystander responses induced by low LET radiation. Oncogene 22:7043–7049
Morgan WF (2003) Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation: I. Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects in vitro. Radiat Res 159: 567–580
Morgan WF (2003) Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation: II. Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects in vivo, clastogenic factors and transgenerational effects. Radiat Res 159:581–596
Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop (2006) Microbeam probes of cellular radiation response, Columbia University, New York, New York, March 15–17, 2006. Radiat Res 166:652–689
Kashino G, Prise KM, Schettino G, et al (2004) Evidence for induction of DNA double strand breaks in the bystander response to targeted soft X-rays in CHO cells. Mutat Res 556: 209–215
Schettino G, Folkard M, Michael BD, et al (2005) Low-dose binary behavior of bystander cell killing after microbeam irradiation of a single cell with focused C(k) X-rays. Radiat Res 163:332–336
Hamada N, Schettino G, Kashino G, et al (2006) Histone H2AX phosphorylation in normal human cells irradiated with focused ultrasoft X-rays: evidence for chromatin movement during repair. Radiat Res 166:1–8
Belyakov OV, Folkard M, Mothersill C, et al (2006) Bystander-induced differentiation: a major response to targeted irradiation of a urothelial explant model. Mutat Res 597:43–49
Belyakov OV, Mitchell SA, Parikh D, et al (2005) Biological effects in unirradiated human tissue induced by radiation damage up to 1 mm away. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 14203–14208
ICRP (2005) Low-dose extrapolation of radiation-related cancer risk. ICRP Publication 99. Ann ICRP 35
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Michael, B.D. (2009). Non-DNA-Targeted Effects and Low-Dose Radiation Risk. In: Nakashima, M., Takamura, N., Tsukasaki, K., Nagayama, Y., Yamashita, S. (eds) Radiation Health Risk Sciences. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-88659-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-88659-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-88658-7
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-88659-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)