Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Allergy Frontiers: Clinical Manifestations pp 227–246Cite as

Mechanisms of Nocturnal Asthma

  • Chapter

  • 867 Accesses

Part of the book series: Allergy Frontiers ((ALLERGY,volume 3))

Abstract

Nocturnal deterioration of lung function frequently occurs in asthma patients. It results in sleep depravation and impaired quality of life but is also associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms such as endogenous circadian rhythm disturbances, concomitant disorders, behavioral and environmental factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of nocturnal asthma symptoms. Appropriately used, currently available asthma medications, including long acting beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids are effective in therapy of nocturnal asthma symptoms in the majority of patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, Expert panel report 2; guidelines for diagnosis and prevention of asthma. Publication No 97–405. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Health; April 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hetzel MR, Clark TJH, Braithwaite MA. Analysis of sudden deaths and ventilatory arrests in hospital. Br Med J 1977; 1: 808–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cochrane GM, Clark TJH. A survey of asthma mortality in patients between ages 35 and 64 in the Greater London hospitals in 1971. Thorax 1975; 30: 300–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dathlefsen U, Repgas R. Ein neues Terapieprinzip bei Nachtlichen Asthma. Klin Med 1985; 80: 44–7.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Raherison C, Abouelfath A, Le Gros V, Taytard A, Molimard M. Underdiagnosing of nocturnal symptoms in asthma in general practice. J Asthma 2006; 43: 199–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Turner-Warwick M. Epidemiology of nocturnal asthma. Am J Med 1988; 85 (Suppl 1B): 6–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tomalak W, Elbousefi A, Kurzawa R, et al. Diurnal variations of respiratory system resistance and compliance derived from input impedance in asthmatic children. Respir Physiol 2000; 123: 101–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Diette GB, Markson L, Skinner EA, et al. Nocturnal asthma in children affects school performance, and parents' work attendance. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000; 154: 923–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Weersink EJM, van Zomeren EH, Koeter GH, et al. Treatment of nocturnal airway obstruction improves daytime cognitive performance in asthmatics. Am J Respr Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 1144–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Global Initiative for Asthma, 11/2006, WHO

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mortola JP. Breathing around the clock: an overview of the circadian pattern of respiration. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91: 119–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Spengler CM, Shea SA. Endogenous circadian rhythm of pulmonary function in healthy humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 1038–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Spengler CM, Czeisler CA, Shea SA. An endogenous circadian rhythm of respiratory control in humans. J Physiol 2000; 526: 683–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hetzel MR, Clark TJH. Comparison of normal and asthmatic circadian rhythms in peak expiratory flow rate. Thorax 1980; 35: 732–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Shigemitsu H, Afshar K. Nocturnal asthma. Curr Opinion Pulm Med 2007; 13: 49–55.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sutherland ER. Nocturnal asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116: 1179–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Calhoun WJ. Nocturnal asthma. Chest 2003; 123: S399–S405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Skloot GS. Nocturnal astma: mechanisms and management. Mt Sinai J Med 2002; 69: 140–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Di Stefano A, Lusuardi M, Braghiroli A, Donner CF. Nocturnal asthma: mechanisms and therapy. Lung 1997; 175: 53–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. DuBuske LM. Asthma: diagnosis and management of nocturnal symptoms. Compr Ther 1994; 20: 628.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ballard RD, Saathoff MC, Patel DK, Kelly PL, Martin RJ. Effect of sleep on nocturnal bronchoconstriction and ventilatory patterns in asthmatics. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 243–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kales A, Beall GN, Bajor GR, et al. Sleep studies in asthmatic adults: relationship of attacks to sleep stage and time of night. J Allergy 1968; 41: 164–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hetzel MR, Clark TJH. Does sleep cause nocturnal asthma? Thorax 1979; 34: 749–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Clark TJH, Hetzel MR. Diurnal variation in asthma. Br J Dis Chest 1977; 71: 87–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bonjer FH. Physiological aspects of shift work. Proc Int Congr Occup Health 1960; 13: 848–51.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Martin RJ, Cicutto LC, Ballard RD. Factors related to the nocturnal worsening of asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 33–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ryan G, Latimer KM, Dolovich J, Hargreave FE. Bronchial responsiveness to histamine: relationship to diurnal variation of peak flow rate, improvement after bronchodilator, and airway caliber. Thorax 1982; 37: 423–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Oosterhoff Y, Koeter GH, De Monchy JG, Postma DS. Circadian variation in airway responsiveness to metacholine, propranolol, and AMP in atopic asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: 512–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lehtimaki L, Kankaanranta H, Saarelainen S, Turjanmaa V, Moilanen E. Increased alveolar nitric oxide concentration in asthmatic patients with nocturnal symptoms. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 841–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Covar RA, Szefler SJ, Martin RJ, et al. Relations between exhaled nitric oxide and measures of disease activity among children with mild-to-moderate asthma. J Pediatr 2003; 142: 469–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. ten Hacken NH, van der Vaart H, van der Mark TW, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide is higher both at day and night in subjects with nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 902–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Georges G, Bartelson BB, Martin RJ, Silkoff PE. Circadian variation in exhaled nitric oxide in nocturnal asthma. J Asthma 1999; 36: 467–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Silkoff PE, McClean PA, Slutsky AS, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide and bronchial reactivity during and after inhaled beclomethasone in mild asthma. J Asthma 1998; 35: 473–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mohiouddin AA, Martin RJ. Circadian basis of the late asthmatic response. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 1153–7.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bates ME, Clayton M, Calhoun W, et al. Relationship of plasma epinephrine and circulating eosinophils to nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 667–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kelly EAB, Houtman JJ, Jarjour NN. Inflammatory changes associated with circadian variation in pulmonary function in subjects with mild asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34: 227–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Calhoun WJ, Bates ME, Schrader L, Sedgwick JB, Busse WW. Characteristics of peripheral blood eosinophils in patients with nocturnal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 577–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gresele P, Dottorini M, Selli ML, et al. Altered platelet function associated with the bronchial hyperresponsiveness accompanying nocturnal asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 91: 894–902.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mackay TW, Wallace WAH, Howie SEM, et al. Role of inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Thorax 1994; 149: 667–72.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Martin RJ, Cicutto LC, Smith HR, Ballard RD, Szefler SJ. Airways inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 351–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Postma DS, Oosterhoff Y, van Aalderen WMC, et al. Inflammation in nocturnal asthma? 1994; 150: S83–6.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Oosterhoff Y, Hoogsteden HC, Rutgers B, Kauffman HF, Postma DS. Lymphocyte and macrophage activation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 75–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jarjour NN, Busse WW, Calhoun WJ. Enhanced production of oxygen radicals in nocturnal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 905–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Jarjour NN, Busse WW. Cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with nocturnal asthma. A J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 1474–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kraft M, Djukanovic R, Wilson S, et al. Alveolar tissue inflammation in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 1505–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kraft M, Martin RJ, Wilson S, Djukanovic R, Holgate ST. Lymphocyte and eosinophil influx into alveolar tissue in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 228–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kraft M, Pak J, Martin RJ, Kaminsky D, Irvin CG. Distal lung dysfunction at night in nocturnal asthma patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1551–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Meijer GG, Postma DS, van der Heide S, et al. Exogenous stimuli and circadian peak expiratory flow variation in allergic asthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 237–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Szefler SJ, Ando R, Cicutto LC, et al. Plasma histamine, epinephrine, cortisol, and leukocyte beta-adrenergic receptors in nocturnal asthma. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 49: 59–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Haen E, Hauck R, Emslander HP, et al. Nocturnal asthma. Beta 2-adrenoreceptors on peripheral mononuclear leukocytes, cAMP- and cortisol-plasma concentrations. Chest 1991; 100: 1239–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sutherland ER, Ellison MC, Kraft M, Martin RJ. Altered pituitary-adrenal interaction in nocturnal asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112: 52–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kraft M, Vianna E, Martin RJ, Leung DYM. Nocturnal asthma is associated with reduced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding affinity and decreased steroid responsiveness at night. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103: 66–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kraft M, Hamid Q, Chrousos GP, Martin RJ, Leung DYM. Decreased steroid responsiveness at night in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1219–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Turki J, Pak J, Green SA, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal asthma: evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 1635–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Morrison JF, Pearson SB, Dean HG. The parasympathetic nervous system in nocturnal asthma. BMJ 1988; 296: 1427–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Barnes P, FitzGerald G, Brown M, Dollery C. Nocturnal asthma and changes in circulating epinephrine, histamine and cortisol. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 263–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sutherland RE, Ellison MC, Kraft M, Martin RJ. Elevated serum melatonin is associated with the nocturnal worsening of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112: 513–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sutherland ER, Martin RJ, Ellison MC, Kraft M. Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 1055–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gislason T, Janson C, Vermeire P, et al. Respiratory symptoms and nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux: a population based survey of young adults in three European countries. Chest 2002; 121: 158–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Bohadana AB, Hannhart B, Teculescu DB. Nocturnal worsening of asthma and sleep-disorder breathing. J Asthma 2002; 39: 85–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Chan CS, Woolcock AJ, Sullivan CE. Nocturnal asthma: role of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 1502–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Petruson B, Theman K. Reduced nocturnal asthma by improved nasal breathing. Acta Otolaryngol 1996; 116: 490–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Gibson PG, Henry RL, Coughlan JL. Gastro-esophageal reflux treatment for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Library 2005; 3.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Milledge JS, Morris J. A comparison of slow-release salbutamol with slow-release aminophyllin in nocturnal asthma. J Int Med Res 1979; 7: 106–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Postma DS, Koter GH, Mark TW, et al. The effects of oral slow-release terbutaline on circadian variation in spirometry and arterial blood gas levels in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Chest 1985; 87: 653–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Wallaert B, Brun P, Ostinelli J, et al. A comparison of two long-acting beta-agonists, oral bambuterol and inhaled salmeterol, in the treatment of moderate to severe asthmatic patients with nocturnal symptoms. The French Bambuterol Study Group. Respir Med 1999; 93: 33–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Crompton GK, Ayres JG, Basran G, et al. Comparison of oral bambuterol and inhaled salmeterol in patients with symptomatic asthma and using inhaled corticosteroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 824–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Brambilla C, Chastang C, Georges D, Bertin L. Salmeterol compared with slow-release terbutaline in nocturnal asthma. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, sequential clinical trial. French Multicenter Study Group. Allergy 1994; 49: 421–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Bensch G, Lapidus RJ, Levine BE, et al. A randomized, 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing formoterol dry powder inhaled with albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 86: 19–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Busse W, Levine B, Andriano K, Laveschia C, Yegen U. Efficacy, tolerability, and effect on asthma-related quality of life of formoterol bid via multidose dry powder inhaler and albuterol QID via metered dose inhaler in patients with persistent asthma: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 2004; 26: 1587–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Maesen FP, Smeets JJ, Gubbelmans HL, Zweers PG. Formoterol in the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Chest 1990; 98: 866–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Faurschou P, Engel AM, Haanaes OC. Salmeterol in two different doses in the treatment of nocturnal bronchial asthma poorly controlled by other therapies. Allergy 1994; 49: 827–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Pauwels RA, Lofdahl CG, Postma DS, et al. Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1405–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Norhaya MR, Yap TM, Zainudin BM. Addition of inhaled salmeterol to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with poorly controlled nocturnal asthma. Respirology 1999; 4: 77–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Ilowite J, Webb R, Friedman B, et al. Addition of montelukast or salmeterol to fluticasone for protection against asthma attacks: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92: 641–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Lockey RF, DuBuske LM, Friedman B, et al. Nocturnal asthma: effect of salmeterol on quality of life and clinical outcomes. Chest 1999; 115: 666–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kraft M, Wenzel SE, Bettinger CM, Martin RJ. The effect of salmeterol on nocturnal symptoms, airway function and inflammation in asthma. Chest 1997; 111: 1249–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Holimon TD, Chafin CC, Self TH. Nocturnal asthma uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids: theophylline or long-acting bet 2 agonists? Drugs 2001; 61: 391–418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Elias-Jones AC, Higenbottam TW, Barnes ND, et al. Sustained release theophylline in nocturnal asthma. Arch Dis Child 1984; 59: 1159–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Bose B, Cater JI, Clark RA. A once daily theophylline preparations in prevention of nocturnal symptoms in childhood asthma. Eur J Pediatr 1987; 146: 524–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Martin RJ, Cicutto LC, Ballard RD. Circadian variations in theophylline concentrations and the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139: 575–8.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Fairfax AJ, Clarke R, Chatterjee SS, et al. Controlled-release theophyllin in the treatment of nocturnal asthma. J Int Med Res 1990; 18: 273–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rivington RN, Boulet LP, Cote J, et al. Efficacy of uniphyl, salbutamol, and their combination in asthmatic patients on high-dose inhaled steroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 325–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kraft M, Torvik JA, Trudeau JB, et al. Theophylline: potential anti-inflammatory effects in nocturnal asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 97: 1242–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Crescioli S, Carobbo AD, Maestrelli P, et al. Controlled-release theophylline inhibits early morning airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996; 77: 106–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Grossman J. Multicenter comparison of once-daily uniphyl tablets administered in the morning or evening with baseline twice daily theophylline therapy in patients with nocturnal asthma. Am J Med 1988; 85: 11–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Cox ID, Hughes DTD, McDonnell KA. Ipratropium bromide in patients with nocturnal asthma. Postgrad Med J 1984; 60: 526–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Hughes DTD. The use of anticholinergic drugs in nocturnal asthma. Postgrad Med J 1987; 63 (Suppl): 47–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. O'Connor BJ, Towse LJ, Barnes PJ. Prolonged effect of tiotropium bromide on metacholine induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 876–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Beam WR, Weiner DE, Martin RJ. Timing of prednisone and alterations of airways inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 1524–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Frezza G, Terra-Filho J, Martinez JA, Vianna EO. Rapid effect of inhaled steroids on nocturnal worsening of asthma. Thorax 2003; 58: 632–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Pincus DJ, Szefler SJ, Ackerson LM, et al. Chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95: 1172–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Pincus DJ, Humeston TR, Martin RJ. Further studies on chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100: 771–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Horn CR, Clark TJH, Cochrane GM. Inhaled therapy reduces morning dips in asthma. Lancet 1984; I: 1143–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Leach CL. Improved delivery of inhaled steroids to the large and small airways. Respir Med 1998; 92 (Suppl A): 3–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Richards J, Hirst P, Pitcairn G, et al. Deposition and pharmacokinetics of flunisolide delivered from inhalers containing non-CFC and CFC propellants. J Aerosol Med 2001; 14: 197–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Corren J, Nelson H, Greos LS, et al. Effective control of asthma with hydrofluoroalkane flunisolide delivered as an extrafine aerolsol in asthma patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 87: 405–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Molimard M, Martinat Y, Rogeaux Y, et al. Improvement of asthma control with beclomethasone extrafine aerosol compared to fluticasone and budesonide. Respir Med 2005; 99: 770–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Bellia V, Bananno A, Cibella F, et al. Urinary leukotriene E4 in the assessment of nocturnal asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 97: 735–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Wenzel SE, Tradeau JB, Kaminsky DA, et al. Effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition on bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 897–905.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Reiss TF, Chervinsky P, Dockhorn RJ, et al. Montelukast, a once-daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, in the treatment of chronic asthma: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial. Montelukast Clinical Research Study Group. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1213–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Vaquerizo MJ, Casan P, Castillo J, et al. Effect of montelukast added to inhaled budesonide on control of mild to moderate asthma. Thorax 2003; 58: 204–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Weersink EJ, Douma RR, Postma DS, Koeter GH. Fluticasone propionate, salmeterol xinofate, and their combination in the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: 1241–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Ringdal N, Chuchalin A, Chovan L, et al. Evaluation of different inhaled combination therapies (EDICT): a randomised, double-blind comparison of Seretide (50/250 mg bd Discus) vs. formoterol (12 mg bd) and budesonide (800 mg bd) given concurrently (both via Turbuhaler) in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Respir Med 2002; 96: 851–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Canonica GW, Castellani P, Cazzola M, et al. Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler provides effective asthma symptom control at a lower dose than fixed maintenance dosing. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004; 17: 239–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, Bialystok, 15-276, Poland

    Krzysztof Kowal

  2. Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Lawrence Du Buske

Authors
  1. Krzysztof Kowal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lawrence Du Buske
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Ruby Pawankar

  2. Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK

    Stephen T. Holgate

  3. Childrens's Mercy Hospital and Clinic, UMKC School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA

    Lanny J. Rosenwasser

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kowal, K., Buske, L.D. (2009). Mechanisms of Nocturnal Asthma. In: Pawankar, R., Holgate, S.T., Rosenwasser, L.J. (eds) Allergy Frontiers: Clinical Manifestations. Allergy Frontiers, vol 3. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-88317-3_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-88317-3_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-88316-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-88317-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation