Abstract
Conventionally, urban water systems have been selected to meet water quality standards and to keep the costs of construction low. It has recently become more important, however, to take environmental impacts into consideration when water systems are designed and chosen for a city. In this chapter, water supply systems using groundwater is compared with the existing water supply system in terms of their respective carbon emissions, which are calculated based on four different scenarios of water use.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) (2007) Environment plan 2007–2009.
Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) (2006) Environmental report 2006
City of Yokohama (2007) (http://www.city.yokohama.jp/me/kenkou/public_hygi/public_health/saigai/saigai.html)
Guinée JB (2002) Handbook on life cycle assessment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands, pp 5–13
Japan Water Research Center (2006) A list of water treatment plant with membrane technology. (http://www.jwrc-net.or.jp/tec/)
Japan Water Works Association (2002) Design criteria for water supply facilities 2000. JWWA, Tokyo
Jinbo Y (2000) Treatment technology of Fe & Mn containing water by organic membrane (in Japanese). In: Yoshida T (ed) New water treatment with membrane technology. Nikkei Print, Tokyo, pp 129–158
Kawakita K (2005) Drinking water engineering (Jyosuido kougaku) (in Japanese). Morikita Publishing Co Ltd, Tokyo, pp 89–139
Kuroda K, Fukushi T, Takizawa S, Aichi M, Hayashi T, Tokunaga T (2006) Groundwater contamination and its sources in the Tokyo metropolitan area. J Water and Waste 48(9):37–45.
Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (2002a) Outline of Tokyo water cycle master plan (in Japanese). (Report by MLIT)
Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (2002b) Manual for standardization of treated wastewater utilisation (in Japanese). (http://www.mlit.go.jp/kisha/kisha05/04/040422_html)
Nakao S, Watanabe Y (2004) New developments of water treatment technology with membrane (in Japanese). CMC, Tokyo
Suez Group (2007) 2006 activities and sustainable development report (http://www.suez.com/en/activites/environment/businesses/businesses/)
Tokyo Electric Power Company (2007) TEPCO environment highlights 2007 (http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/challenge/environ/highli-e.html)
Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2006a) Land subsidence and current condition of groundwater in Tokyo TMG Bureau of Environment, Tokyo
Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2002b) Survey on household water consumption pattern in 2002. TMG Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ishii, S. (2008). Environmental Systems Analysis of Urban Water Systems. In: Takizawa, S. (eds) Groundwater Management in Asian Cities. cSUR-UT Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration, vol 2. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78399-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78399-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-78398-5
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-78399-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)