Abstract
Japan has a land area of 380,000 km2 and a population of 120 million. An average precipitation of approximately 1,700mm/year provides about 650 billion m3/year of water. The precipitation is much greater in Japan than the world average of 900mm/year. In Japan, one-third of the water disappears by evapotranspiration. Therefore, the available water resource is reduced to about 420 billion m3/year. One-third of the water is runoff water from land to the sea during short periods, because of the rainy season and typhoons, leaving a stable water flow of one-third. This water balance is illustrated based on data from the fiscal year of 2000 in Fig.2.1. The artificial water flow is categorized into agriculture, industry and domestic water uses.
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Furumai, H. (2008). Urban Water Use and Multifunctional Sewerage Systems as Urban Infrastructure. In: Hanaki, K. (eds) Urban Environmental Management and Technology. cSUR-UT Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration, vol 1. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78397-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78397-8_2
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