Summary
Historical European concepts of the nature and causes of physical symptoms without clear explanation have caused considerable confusion. This chapter argues that, in recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the need for a broader approach based on understanding all unexplained symptoms in a general population and all medical settings. Aetiology should be viewed as an interaction of physical, psychological, and social factors. Current definitions of somatoform disorders are unhelpful and need to be revised in a manner not based on mind/body separation. There have been major advances in showing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of treatments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Berrios GE (1997) The history of mental symptoms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Janca A, Isaac M, Costa e Silva JA (1995) World Health Organization international study of somatoform disorders—background and rationale. Eur J Psychiatry 9 (2): 100–110
Lipowski ZJ (1988) Somatization: the concept and its clinical application. Am J Psychiatry 145: 1358–1368
Kleinman A (1977) Depression, somatization and the “new cross-cultural psychiatry”. Soc Sci Med 11: 3–10
Bridges KW, Goldberg DP (1985) Somatic presentation of DSM-III psychiatric disorders in primary care. J Psychosom Res 29: 563–569
Mayou R, Bass C, Sharp M. Overview of epidemiology, classification and aetiology. In Mayou R, Bass C, Sharpe M (eds) (1995) Treatment of functional somatic symptoms. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 42–65
Wessely S, Hotopf M, Sharpe M (1998) Chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndromes. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Creed F. Psychological treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal pain. In Mayou RA, Bass C, Sharpe M (eds) (1995) Treatment of functional somatic symptoms. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 255–270
Robbins JM, Kirmayer LJ, Hemami S (1997) Latent variable models of functional somatic distress. J Nery Ment Dis 185 (606): 615
Faravelli C, Salvatori S, Galassi F, Aiazzi L, Drei C, Cabras P (1997) Epidemiology of somatoform disorders: a community survey in Florence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epdemiol 32: 24–29
Goldberg D (1995) Epidemiology of mental disorders in primary care settings. Epidemiol Rev 17 (1): 182–190
Üstün TB, Sartorius N (1995) World Health Organisation. Mental illness in general health care. An international study. Wiley, Chichester
Kisely S, Goldberg D, Simon G (1997) A comparison between somatic symptoms with and without clear organic cause: results of an international study. Psychol Med 27: 1011–9
Peveler R, Kilkenny L, Kinmonth A (1997) Medically unexplained physical symptoms in primary care: a comparison of self-report screening questionnaires and clinical opinion. J Psychosom Res 42: 245–252
Kirmayer LJ, Robbins JM (1991) Three forms of somatization in primary care: prevalence, co-occurence, and sociodemographic characteristics. J Nery Ment Dis 179: 647–655
Mayou RA, Bass C, Sharpe M (1995) Treatment of functional somatic symptoms. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Mayou RA (1976) The nature of bodily symptoms. Br J Psychiatry 129: 55–60
Barsky AJ, Klerman GL (1983) Overview: hypochondriasis, bodily complaints, and somatic styles. Am J Psychiatry 140: 273–283
Sharpe M, Bass C (1992) Pathophysiological mechanisms in somatization. Int Rev Psychiatry 4: 81–97
Benjamin S, Eminson DM (1992) Abnormal illness behaviour: childhood experiences and long-term consequences. Int Rev Psychiatry 4: 55–70
Hotopf M, Carr S, Mayou R, Wadsworth M, Wessely S (1998) Why do children have chronic abdominal pain, and what happens to them when they grow up? Population based cohort study. Br Med J 316: 1196–1200
Hotopf M, Mayou RA, Wessely S (1997) Childhood risk factors for adult medically unexplained symptoms: results from a prospective cohort study. Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Proceedings 44th Annual Meeting, p 32
Salkovskis PM, Clark DM (1993) Panic disorder and hypochondriasis. Adv Behav Res Ther 15: 23–48
Lucock MP, Morely S, White C, Peake MD (1997) Responses of consecutive patients to reassurance after gastroscopy: results of self administered questionnaire survey. Br Med J 315 (572): 575
Coia P, Morley S (1998) Medical reassurance and patients’ responses. J Psychom Res (in press)
van Dulmen AM, Fennis FM, Bleijenberg G (1996) Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for irritable bowel syndrome: effects and long-term follow-up. Psychosom Med 58: 508–514
Mayou R, Bryant B, Forfar C, Clark D (1994) Non-cardiac chest pain and benign palpitations in the cardiac clinic. Br Heart J 72: 548–553
Mayou R, Bryant B, Sanders D, Bass C, Klimes I, Forfar C (1997) A controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for non-cardiac chest pain. Psychol Med 27: 1021–1032
Tyrer P, Fowler-Dixon R, Ferguson B, Kelemen A (1990) A plea for the diagnosis of hypochondriacal personality disorder. J Psychosom Res 34: 637–642
Bass C, Murphy M (1995) Somatoform and personality disorders: syndromal comorbidity and overlapping developmental pathways. J Psychosom Res 39 (4): 403–427
Gureje O, Üstün TB, Simon GE (1997) The syndrome of hypochondriasis: a cross-national study in primary care. Psychol Med 27: 1001–1010
Mayou R, Sharpe M (1997) Treating medically unexplained physical symptoms. Br Med J 315: 561–562
McQuay HJ, Tramèr M, Nye BA, Carroll D, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA (1996) A systematic review of antidepressants in neuropathic pain. Pain 68: 217–227
Wilson JJ, Gil KM (1996) The efficacy of psychological and pharmacological interventions for the treatment of chronic disease-related and non-disease-related pain. Clin Psychol Rev 16 (6): 573–597
Warwick HMC, Clark DM, Cobb AM, Salkovskis PM (1996) A controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural treatment of hypochondriasis. Br J Psychiatry 169: 189–195
Avia MD, Ruiz MA, Olivares ME, Crespo M, Guisado AB, Sanchez A, Varela A (1996) The meaning of psychological symptoms: effectiveness of a group intervention with hypochondriacal patients. Behav Res Ther 34 (1): 23–31
Speckens AEM, Van Hemert AM, Spinhoven P, Hawton KE, Bolk JH, Rooijmans HGM (1995) Cognitive behavioural therapy for medically unexplained physical symptoms: a randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 311: 1328–1332
Sharpe M, Hawton K, Simkin S, Surawy C, Hackman A, Klimes I, Peto T, Warrell D, Seagroat V (1996) Cognitive behaviour therapy for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 312: 22–26
Guthrie E, Creed A (1991) Controlled trial of psychological treatment for the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 100: 450–457
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Tokyo
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mayou, R. (1999). European Concepts. In: Ono, Y., Janca, A., Asai, M., Sartorius, N. (eds) Somatoform Disorders. Keio University Symposia for Life Science and Medicine, vol 3. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68500-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68500-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-68502-9
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-68500-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive