Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electronic and Chemical Structure of Conjugated Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces: A Review and Some New Results

  • Conference paper
Materials and Measurements in Molecular Electronics

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Physics ((SPPHY,volume 81))

  • 114 Accesses

Abstract

Conjugated polymers have emerged as viable electronic materials for numerous applications. In the context of polymer electronic devices, it is of critical importance to understand the nature of the electronic structure of the polymer surface and the interface with metals. It has been shown that, especially for conjugated polymers, photoelectron spectroscopy provides a maximum amount of both chemical and electronic structural information in one (type of) measurement. An overview of some details of the early stages of interface formation with metals on the surfaces of conjugated polymers and model molecular solids, especially in connection with polymer-based LED devices, is presented. Materials involved include poly(p-phenylenevinylene), or PPV, as well as a series of substituted PPV’s, and a diphenylpolyene molecule, namely α, ω-diphenyltetradecaheptaene. Some general trends in the behaviour of light-metal atoms on the clean surfaces of conjugated polymers will be pointed out. Finally, a series of new results will be discussed, one in limited detail, the others more briefly, in order to indicate some recent new developments in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. L. Brédas and R. Silbey, “Conjugated Polymers, ( Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1991 ).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Stafström, W. R. Salaneck, O. Inganas, and T. Hjertberg, Proc. 1992 Intern. Conf. Synth. Met., Synth. Met. 55–57(1993).

    Google Scholar 

  3. W. R. Salaneck, I. Lundström, and B. Ranby, “Nobel Symposium in Chemistry: Conjugated Polymers and Related Materials; The Interconnection of Chemical and Electronic Structure,” ( Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993 ).

    Google Scholar 

  4. W. R. Salaneck and J. L. Brédas, “Conjugated polymers,” Solid State Communications, Special Issue on “Highlights in Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science ” 92, 31 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burn, and A. B. Holmes, “Light emitting diodes based upon conjugated polymers,” Nature 347, 539–541 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. H. Friend, in Nobel Symposium in Chemistry: Conjugated Polymers and Related Materials; The Interconnection of Chemical and Electronic Structure, edited by W. R. Salaneck, I. Lundström, and B. Rartby ( Oxford Sci., Oxford, 1993 ), pp. 285.

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. Braun and A. J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1982 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. P. L. Burn, A. B. Holmes, A. Kraft, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, and R. H. Friend, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 32(1992).

    Google Scholar 

  9. P. L. Burn, A. Kraft, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. H. Friend, R. W. Gymer, R. H. Friend, and R. W. Jackson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 10117 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R. E. Gill, G. G. Malliaras, J. Wildeman, and G. Hadziioannou, Adv. Mat. 6, 132 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Grem, G. Leditzky, B. Ultrich, and G. Leising, Adv. Mat. 4, 36 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Gustaysson, Y. Cao, G. M. Treacy, F. Klavetter, N. Colaneri, and A. J. Heeger, Nature 357, 477 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. D. A. Halliday, P. L. Burn, D. D. C. Bradley, R. H. Friend, O. M. Gelsen, A. B. Holmes, A. Kraft, J. H. F. Martens, and K. Pichler, Adv. Mat. 5, 40 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Ohmori, M. Uchida, K. Muro, and K. Yoshino, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 30, L1938 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y. Ohmori, M. Uchida, K. Muro, and K. Yoshino, Solid State Commun. 80, 605 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. I. D. Parker, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 1656 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. N. C. Greenham, S. C. Moratti, D. D. C. Bradely, R. H. Friend, and A. B. Holmes, “Efficient Light Emitting Diodes Based on Polymers with High Electron Affinities,” Nature 365, 628–630 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. W. R. Salaneck, S. Stafström, and J. L. Brédas, Conjugated Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces( Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 ).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Lögdlund, P. Dannetun, and W. R. Salaneck, in Handbook of Conducting Polymers, edited by T. Skotheim, J. Reynolds, and R. Elsenbaumer (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996 ).

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Fahlman, D. Beljonne, M. Lögdlund, P. L. Burn, A. B. Holmes, R. H. Friend, J. L. Brédas, and W. R. Salaneck, “Experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure of Na-doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene),” Chem. Phys. Lett. 214, 327 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Dannetun, Private communication.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Fahlman, J. Rasmusson, K. Kaeriyama, D. T. Clark, G. Beamson, and W. R. Salaneck, “Epitaxy of poly(2,5-diheptyl-p-phenylene) on ordered polytetrafluoroethylene,” Synt. Met. 66, 123 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Fahlman, W. R. Salaneck, and J. L. Brédas, “Experimental and theoretical studies of the interaction between aluminum atoms and CN-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene),” submitted(1995).

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. R. Salaneck, O. Inganäs, B. Thémans, J. O. Nilsson, B. Sjögren, J.-E. Österholm, J.-L. Brédas, and S. Svensson, “Thermochromism in Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) in the Solid State: A spectroscopic Study of Temperature-dependent Conformational Defects,” J. Chem. Phys. 89, 4613 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Lögdlund, R. Lazzaroni, S. Stafström, W. R. Salaneck, and J.-L. Brédas, “Direct Observation of Charge-Induced 1t-Electronic Structural Changes in a Conjugated Polymer,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1841 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Lazzaroni, M. Lögdlund, S. Stafström, W. R. Salaneck, and J. L. Brédas, “The poly-3hexylthiophene/NOPF6 system: A photoelectron spectroscopy of electronic structural changes induced by the charge transfer in the solid state,” J. Chem. Phys. 93, 6 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Lazzaroni, M. Lögdlund, S. Stafström, W. R. Salaneck, D. D. C. Bradley, R. H. Friend, N. Sato, E. Orti, and J. L. Brédas, in Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics, NATO ASI Series E, Vol. 182, edited by J.-L. Brédas and R. Chance ( Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1990 ), pp. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. Lazzaroni, M. Lögdlund, A. Calderone, J. L. Brédas, P. Dannetun, C. Fauquet, C. Fredriksson, S. Stafström, and W. R. Salaneck, “Chemical and Electronic Aspects of Metal/Conjugated Polymer Interfaces. Implications for Electronic Devices,” Synth. Met. 71, 2159 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. C. W. Spangler, E. G. Nickel, and T. J. Hall, Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem. 28, 219 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. Lögdlund, P. Dannetun, B. Sjögren, M. Boman, C. Fredriksson, S. Stafström, and W. R. Salaneck, “The electronic structure of a,00-diphenyltetradecaheptaene, a model molecule for polyacetylene, as studied by photoelectron spectroscopy,” Synth. Met. 51, 187 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Lögdlund, P. Dannetun, S. Stafström, W. R. Salaneck, M. G. Ramsey, C. W. Spangler, C. Fredriksson, and J. L. Brédas, “Soliton pair charge storage in doped polyene molecules: Evidence from photoelectron spectroscopy studies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 970 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. W. R. Salaneck and J. L. Brédas, Adv. Mat. (in apress) (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. M. André, J. Dekhalle, and J. L. Brédas, Quantum Chemistry Aided Design of Organic Polymers( World Scientific, Singapore, 1991 ).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. J. L. Brédas, R. R. Chance, and R. Silbey, Phys. Rev. B 26, 5843 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. L. Brédas and W. R. Salaneck, in Organic Electroluminescence, edited by D. D. C. Bradley and T. Tsutsui (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 ).

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Fredriksson and J. L. Brédas, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 4253 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Lazzaroni, J. L. Brédas, P. Dannetun, C. Fredriksson, S. Stafström, and W. R. Salaneck, “The chemical and electronic structure of the interface between aluminum conjugated polymers,” Electrochim Acta 39, 235 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. P. Dannetun, M. Boman, S. Stafström, W. R. Salaneck, R. Lazzaroni, C. Fredriksson, J. L. Brédas, R. Zamboni, and C. Taliani, “The chemical and electronic structure of the interface between aluminum and polythiophene semiconductors,” J. Chem. Phys. 99, 664 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Lögdlund and J. L. Brédas, “Theoretical Studies of the Interaction Between Aluminum and Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) and Derivatives,” J. Chem. Phys. 101, 4357–4364 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. L. Brédas and G. B. Street, Adv. Chem. Res. 18, 319 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. G. Iucci, X. K., M. Lögdlund, M. Fahlman, and W. R. Salaneck, Submitted. (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  42. P. Dannetun, M. Fahlman, C. Fauquet, K. Kaerijama, Y. Sonoda, R. Lazzaroni, J. L. Brédas, and W. R. Salaneck, in Organic Materials for Electronics: Conjugated Polymer Interfaces with Metals and Semiconductors, edited by J. L. Brédas, W. R. Salaneck, and G. Wegner ( North Holland, Amsterdam, 1994 ), pp. 113.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Y. Gao, K. T. Park, and B. R. Hsieh, “X-ray photoemission investigations of the interface formation of Ca and poly(p-phenylenevinylene),” J. Chem. Phys. 97, 6991 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. P. Bröms, J. Birgersson, N. Johnsson, M. Lögdlund, and W. R. Salaneck, Synth. Met., in apress(1995).

    Google Scholar 

  45. A. Lobatch, I. R. Rubin, and P. V. Lushnikov, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 161, 647 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Kirm, E. Feldbach, R. Kink, A. Lushchik, C. Lushchik, A. Maaroos, and I. Martinson, “Mechanisma of intrinsic and impurity luminescence excitation by synchrotron radiation in wide-gap oxides,” J. Elec. Spec. and Rel. Phenom. (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  47. P. Brüms, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  48. K. Kareijama, N. Tanigaki, and H. Masuda, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Fahlman, J. Birgerson, K. Kaeriyama, and W. R. Salaneck, “Poly(2,5-diheptyl-1,4phenylene-alt-2,5-thienylene): a new material for blue-light-emitting diodes,” Synth. Met. 75, 223 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. K. Xing, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  51. M. Fahlman, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, S-581 83, Linköping, Sweden

    K. Xing, M. Fahlman & W. R. Salaneck

Authors
  1. K. Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Fahlman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. R. Salaneck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Electrotechnical Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan

    Koji Kajimura

  2. Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan

    Shin-ichi Kuroda

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Tokyo

About this paper

Cite this paper

Xing, K., Fahlman, M., Salaneck, W.R. (1996). Electronic and Chemical Structure of Conjugated Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces: A Review and Some New Results. In: Kajimura, K., Kuroda, Si. (eds) Materials and Measurements in Molecular Electronics. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 81. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68470-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68470-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-68472-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-68470-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation