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Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes pp 180–188Cite as

Histoblood Group A and B Transferases, Their Gene Structures, and Common O Group Gene Structures

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Abstract

Histoblood group A and transferases are UDP-GalNAc: H-α3GalNAc transferase and UDP-Gal: H-a3Gal transferase, respectively (Fig. 1). Depending on the structure of H, four types of A antigen and three types of B antigen have been distinguished. Type-3 chain A, i.e., repetitive A, is present only as a glycosphingolipid in A1 but not in A2-erythrocytes (see Chapter 25). The corresponding “repetitive B” is absent or unknown. Type-4 chain A (globo-A) is also expressed in A1 but not in A2- erythrocytes. Type-4 chain B (globo-B) is not known in erythrocytes; however, both globo-A and globo-B are highly expressed in other organs, particularly kidney and urogenital epithelia. The distribution patterns of these isotypes of A and B antigens, and their patterns during development, have been reviewed (Hakomori 1981; Oriol et al. 1986; Clausen and Hakomori 1989; Oriol 1995). In this chapter, only allelic structures of A and B transferases, and the allele for the common O blood group gene, are described. Alleles for variants are described in Chapter 25.

Enzymatic reactions for the synthesis of A and B antigens from various types of H. For the synthesis of A, four types of H structure with different R residues (R1,2,3,4) are involved. For the synthesis of B, only three types of H structure with different R residues (R1,2,4) are involved. The structures of R are shown in Table 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122-4327, USA

    Sen-Itiroh Hakomori

  2. Departments of Pathobiology and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Sen-Itiroh Hakomori

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  1. Sen-Itiroh Hakomori
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Naoyuki Taniguchi M.D., Ph.D. (Professor) & Koichi Honke M.D., Ph.D. (Associate Professor) (Professor) &  (Associate Professor)

  2. Glycobiology Program, Cancer Research Institute, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Minoru Fukuda Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

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© 2002 Springer Japan

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Hakomori, SI. (2002). Histoblood Group A and B Transferases, Their Gene Structures, and Common O Group Gene Structures. In: Taniguchi, N., et al. Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67877-9_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67877-9_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-67996-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-67877-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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