Summary
Fourteen short sediment cores (ca. 30 cm in length) from Lake Baikal were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Ti, V, P, S, Sr, Ba, Pb, Sc, and Y. The concentrations were comparable to those in remote unpolluted lakes in Europe and Canada. Most elements were classified into two major groups on the basis of their vertical distribution characters (Mn·Fe-oxide-philic, Fe, Mn, As, P, and Ba; terrigenous, Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, V, Sr, and Sc), whereas S, Pb, Y, and Cu showed their own unique profiles. Concentrations of Cu correlated well with those of biogenic SiO2 (r= 0.856), indicating the participation of diatoms in the deposition of Cu. Mn-, Fe-, and S-rich layers occurred in the same order (Mn above Fe above S) in all cores, indicating the oxidized condition of surface sediment. The oxidized layers were thin in the central basin and thick at Academician Ridge; the thickness correlated negatively with grain density (r = −0.922) and positively with the content of biogenic SiO2 in the sediment. At Academician Ridge, abundant fossil diatoms may have increased the porosity of the sediment, accelerating the penetration of oxygen into the sediment. Depth profiles of Pb/Al showed distinct enrichment (pollution) of Pb in the surface sediment. The pollution began in the 1900s and became significant after ca. 1950. The pollution level (3.2–17.3, av. 13.5μg/cm2) was considerably lower than those in remote unpolluted lakes in Europe and Canada. It was higher in the southern basin and lower in the northern basin and at Academician Ridge. The total inventory of excess Pb in the lake was calculated at 4240 t.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amirzhanov AA, Pampoura VD, Piskunova LF (1993) Rare elements in the Lake Baikal ferromanganese nodules. IPPCCE Newsl 7:25–28
Boyle JF, Mackay AW, Rose NL, Flower RJ, Appleby PG (1998) Sediment heavy metal record in Lake Baikal: natural and anthropogenic sources. J Paleolimnol 20:135–150
Dillon PJ, Evans RD (1982) Whole-lake lead burdens in sediments of lakes in southern Ontario, Canada. In: Sly PG (ed) Sediment/freshwater interaction. Junk, The Hague, p 121–130
Edgington DN, Klump JV, Robbins JA, Kusner YS, Pampura VD, Sandimirov IV (1991) Sedimentation rates, residence times and radionuclide inventories in Lake Baikal from 137Cs and 210Pb in sediment cores. Nature 350:601–604
Forstner U, Wittmann GTW (1983) Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p 486
Granina LZ, Karabanov EB, Callender E (1993) Relics of oxidized ferromanganese formations in the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal. IPPCCE Newsl 7:32–39
Hakanson L, Jansson M (1983) Principles of lake sedimentology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p 316
Hee SSQ, Macdonald TJ, Boyle JR (1985) Effects of acid type and concentrations on the determination of 34 elements by simultaneous inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Anal Chem 57:1242–1252
Hohmann R, Kipfer R, Peeters F, Piepke G, Imboden DM, Shimaraev MN (1997) Processes of deep-water renewal in Lake Baikal. Limnol Oceanogr 42:841-855
Iwata H, Tanabe S, Ueda K, Tatsukawa R (1995) Persistent organochlorine residues in air, water, sediments, and soils from the Lake Baikal region, Russia. Environ Sci Technol 29:792–801
Kashiwaya K, Tanaka A, Sakai H, Kawai T (2000) Paleoclimatic signals printed in Lake Baikal sediments. In: Minoura K (ed) Lake Baikal: a mirror in time and space for under-standing global change processes. Elsevier, Tokyo, p 53–70
Mackay AW, Flower RJ, Kuzmina AE, Granina LZ, Rose NL, Appleby PG, Boyle JF, Battarbee RW (1998) Diatom succession trends in recent sediments from Lake Baikal and their relation to atmospheric pollution and to climate change. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 353:1011–1055
Martin P, Goddeeris B, Martens K (1993) Oxygen concentration profiles in soft sediment of Lake Baikal (Russia) near Selenga delta. Freshwater Biol 29:343–349
Martin P, Granina L, Martens K, Goddeeris B (1998) Oxygen concentration profiles in sediments of two ancient lakes: Lake Baikal (Siberia, Russia) and Lake Malawi (East Africa). Hydrobiologia 367:163–174
Peirson DH (1971) World deposition of long-lived fission products from nuclear explosions. Nature 234:79–80
Rose NL, Appleby PG, Boyle JF, Mackay AW, Flower RJ (1998) The spatial and temporal distribution of fossil-fuel-derived pollutants in the sediment record of Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia. J Paleolimnol 20:151–162
Sanada Y, Sato F, Kumata H, Takada H, Yamamoto A, Kato Y, Ueno T (1999) Estimation of sedimentation processes in Tokyo Bay using radionucHdes and anthropogenic markers (in Japanese). Geochemistry 33:123–138
Shimaraev MN, Verbolov VI, Granin NG, Sherstyankin PP (1994) In: Shimaraev MN, Okuda S (eds) Physical limnology of Lake Baikal: a review. BICER, Irkutsk-Okayama, p 81
Takamatsu T, Kawashima M, Matsushita R, Koyama M (1985) General distribution profiles of thirty-six elements in sediments and manganese concretions of Lake Biwa. Jpn J Limnol 46:115–127
Takamatsu T, Kawashima M, Takada J, Matsushita R (1993) Characteristics in elemental composition of ferromanganese concretions from Lake Biwa. Jpn J Limnol 54:281–291
Takamatsu T, Kawai T, Nishikawa M (2000) Elemental composition of short sediment cores and ferromanganese concretions from Lake Baikal. In: Minoura K (ed) Lake Baikal: a mirror in time and space for understanding global change processes. Elsevier, Tokyo, p 155–164
van Malderen H, van Grieken R (1996) Chemical characterization of individual aerosol particles in central Siberia. Environ Sci Technol 30:312–321
Weiss RF, Carmack EC, Koropalov VM (1991) Deep-water renewal and biological production in Lake Baikal. Nature 349:665–669
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Takamatsu, T., Kashiwaya, K., Kawai, T. (2003). Inorganic Characteristics of Surface Sediment from Lake Baikal: Natural Elemental Composition, Redox Condition, and Pb Contamination. In: Kashiwaya, K. (eds) Long Continental Records from Lake Baikal. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67859-5_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67859-5_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-67981-3
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-67859-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive