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Paleoclimate Records from the Lake Baikal Sediments and Lava Formations of the South Baikal Volcanic Area

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Long Continental Records from Lake Baikal

Summary

Five boreholes, drilled in different geological structures of Lake Baikal by the International Baikal Drilling Project, allowed us to obtain unique paleoclimatic records, which can be regarded as being representative of continental Asia. One of the most sensitive paleoclimate proxies in the sedimentary core is the number of diatoms, and correspondingly the amount of biogenic silica. The major and trace elements, the magnetic susceptibility, the clay mineral composition, and a number of other parameters also reflect changes in the environment and the climate.

Age estimates of sedimentary cores are very accurate, and the evidence from biogenic silica in the BDP-98 core shows a regular, gradual cooling episode in Siberia during the last 10Myr. The Baikal record also indicates climate deterioration from 2.8 to 2.5 Ma. This is evident from glacial clay layers in the BDP-96 and BDP-98 drill cores, which contain almost no diatoms around the Matuyama/Gauss paleomagnetic reversal boundary. The glacial clay layers are interpreted as being linked with the growth of young mountain ranges around Lake Baikal, where glaciers could develop at a height of 2000m or more. This cooling phase is coincident with the formation of the Chinese loess, which is an indicator of a cooler climate in the region.

Paleoclimatic changes are also recorded in the Baikal region in the morphology of late Cenozoic lavas. Volcanoes formed during glacial periods contain hyaloclastites with inclusions of globular lava, while those in interglacial time consist of massive lavas with distinct slaggy zones. The K−Ar ages of these volcanics correlate well with the Lake Baikal paleoclimatic record obtained from sediments.

These results can be used to address questions about the tectonic and structural development of the Baikal rift zone (BRZ) and Lake Baikal, as well as past climatic changes in different time scales.

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Author notes

  1. Takayoshi Kawai

    Present address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky str. 1A, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

    Mikhail I. Kuzmin, Eugene B. Karabanov, Alexander A. Prokopenko, Valeryi A. Bychinskyi, Marina Y. Khomutova, Vladimir F. Geletyi & Eugene V. Kerber

  2. IGEM, Moscow, Russia

    Vladimir V. Yarmolyuk

  3. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-0053, Japan

    Takayoshi Kawai

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  1. Mikhail I. Kuzmin
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  2. Vladimir V. Yarmolyuk
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  3. Eugene B. Karabanov
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  4. Takayoshi Kawai
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  5. Alexander A. Prokopenko
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  6. Valeryi A. Bychinskyi
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  7. Marina Y. Khomutova
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  8. Vladimir F. Geletyi
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  9. Eugene V. Kerber
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan

    Kenji Kashiwaya Dr.Sc. (Professor) (Professor)

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Kuzmin, M.I. et al. (2003). Paleoclimate Records from the Lake Baikal Sediments and Lava Formations of the South Baikal Volcanic Area. In: Kashiwaya, K. (eds) Long Continental Records from Lake Baikal. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67859-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67859-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-67981-3

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