Summary
Recent advances in cardiac surgery have increased the likehood of survival in pediatric patients with infective endocarditis (IE). However, controversy still exists with regard to the indications as well as the timing of surgery in patients with active disease. This retrospective study summarizes our surgical experience with IE in children during the past 12 years, with an attempt to set up current guidelines for operative therapy. From January 1981 to December 1993, 21 children with IE were treated surgically. All except one infant had underlying cardiac lesions. Eighteen patients (86%) had associated congenital heart defects, and 2 patients had rheumatic heart disease with mitral regurgitation. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans were the most common infecting organisms. Urgent operations were performed on 9 patients, and 12 patients underwent elective surgery. There were three deaths in this series: two deaths were of patients who underwent concomitant repair of complex congenital heart disease and one death was that of a 3-month-old infant with a normal heart. The overall mortality rate was 14.3%. Although all the mortality occurred among the patients who received urgent operation for IE, satisfactory valve repair instead of valve replacement was only feasible for those patients whose operative procedures were performed on an urgent basis. In conclusion, surgery of IE in children still carries high risks, especially in patients with complex congenital heart disease. However, to prevent serious complications of IE, early surgical intervention before the onset of hemodynamic deterioration should be encouraged.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Johnson DH, Rosenthal A, Nadas AS (1975) A forty-year review of bacterial endocarditis in infancy and childhood. Circulation 51: 581–588
Zakrzewski T, Keith JD (1965) Bacterial endocarditis in infants and children. J Pediatr 67: 1179–1185
Tolan RW Jr, Klieman MB, Frank M, King H, Brown JW (1992) Operative intervention in active endocarditis in children: report of a series of cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 14: 852–862
Jaffe WM, Morgan DE, Pearlman AS, Otto CM (1990) Infective endocarditis, 19831988: echocardiographic findings and factors influencing morbidity and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 1227–1233
Richardson JV, Karp RB, Kirklin JW, Dismukes WE (1978) Treatment of infective endocarditis: a ten years comparative analysis. Circulation 58: 589–597
Citak M, Rees A, Mavroudis C (1992) Surgical management of infective endocarditis in children. Ann Thorac Surg 54: 755–760
Schollin J, Bjarke B, Wesstrom G (1986) Infective endocarditis in Swedish children. II. Location, major complications, laboratory findings, delay of treatment, treatment and outcome. Acta Paediatr Scand 75: 999–1004
Aslamaci S, Dimitri WR, Williams BT (1989) Operative consideration in active native valve infective endocarditis. J Cardiovasc Surg 30: 328–333
Hovath P, Hucin B, Slavik Z, Voriskova M, Skovranek J, Chaloupecky V, Honek T (1989) Operative treatment of infective endocarditis in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 3: 26–32
Dreyfus G, Serraf A, Jebara VA, Deloche A, Chauvaud S, Couetil JP, Carpentier A (1990) Valve repair in acute endocarditis. Ann Thorac Surg 47: 706–713
Hendren WG, Morris AS, Rosenkranz ER, Lytle BW, Taylor PC, Stewart WJ, Loop FD, Cosgrove DM (1992) Mitral valve repair for bacterial endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 103: 124–139
Allen MD, Slachman F, Eddy AC, Cohen D, Otto CM, Pearlman AS (1991) Tricuspid valve repair for tricuspid endocarditis: tricuspid valve “recycling.” Ann Thorac Surg 51: 593–598
Stinson EB, Griepp RB, Vosti K, Copeland JG, Shumway NE (1976) Operative treatment of active endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 71: 659–665
Yee ES, Ullyot DJ (1988) Reparative approach for right-sided endocarditis. Operative consideration and results of valvuloplasty. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 96: 133–140
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Japan
About this paper
Cite this paper
Weng, ZC., Lai, ST. (1997). Surgery of Pediatric Infective Endocarditis: An Update. In: Lue, HC. (eds) Pediatric Cardiology Updates. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65886-3_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65886-3_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-65888-7
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-65886-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive