Abstract
Biological cells are basic units in life. They are composed of a huge number of biological molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugar and organic molecules and inorganic ions. The biological macromolecules form well-organized compartments, so-called organelle . The ultimate goal of cell biology would be the complete illustration of cellular events at high spatial and temporal resolutions. To illustrate spatiotemporal events in biological cells, various methods for microscopic observation have been innovated. Here, prior to introduced X-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) , typical microscopic methods are introduced for visualizing the internal structures of cells, such as light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray imaging techniques. In addition, possible roles of XDI in visualizing cells are described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
B. Alberts, et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell (Garland Science, New York, 2014)
E. Schrödinger, What is life? The physical aspect of living cell (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1944)
C.I. Blenden, J. Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure (Garland Publishing Inc, New York, 1999)
D.I. Svergun, M.H.J. Koch, P.A. Timmins, R.P. May, Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013)
J. Als-Nielsen, D. McMorrow, Elements of Modern X-ray Physics, 2nd edn. (Wiley, London, 2011)
J. Drenth, Principles of Protein X-ray Crystallography (Springer, New York, 1994)
J. Frank, Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006)
D.B. Murphy, M.W. Davidson, Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging (Wiley, New Jersey, 2012)
J. Miao, D. Sayre, H.N. Chapman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 1662 (1998)
J. Miao, P. Charalambous, J. Kirz, D. Sayre, Nature 400, 342 (1999)
P.P. Mondal, A. Diaspro, Fundamentals of Fluorescence Microscopy (Springer, Berlin, 2014)
U. Kubitscheck (ed.), Fluorescence Microscopy: From Principles to Biological Applications (Wiley, New York, 2013)
M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999)
H. Noji, R. Yasuda, M. Yoshida, K. Kinoshita Jr., Nature 386, 299 (1997)
O. Shimomura, F.H. Johnson, Y. Saiga, J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59, 223 (1962)
A. Miyawaki, Microscopy 62, 63 (2013)
P. Davidovits, M.D. Egger, Nature 223, 831 (1969)
J.G. White, W.B. Amos, M. Fordham, J. Cell Biol. 105, 41 (1987)
B. Huang, M. Bates, X. Zhuang, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 78, 993 (2009)
M.J. Rust, M. Bates, X. Zhung, Nat. Methods 3, 793 (2006)
M.G.L. Gustaffson, J. Microsc. 198, 82 (2000)
T.A. Klar, S.W. Hell, Opt. Lett. 19, 780 (1994)
J. Dubochet, et al., Q. Rev. Biophys. 21, 129 (1988)
A.M. Glauert, P.R. Lewis, Biological Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2014)
A.W. Robards, U.B. Sleytr, Low Temperature Methods in Biological Electron Microscopy (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991)
L. Gan, G.J. Jensen, Q. Rev. Biophys. 45, 27 (2011)
S. Subramaniam, W. Kühlbrandtt, R. Henderson, IUCrJ 3, 3 (2016)
S.H.W. Scheres, J. Struct. Biol. 180, 519 (2012)
J. Kosinski et al., Science 352, 363 (2016)
F. Song et al., Science 344, 376 (2014)
C. Yan, et al., Science 353, 904 (2016)
M.A.L. Gros, G. McDermott, C.A. Larabell, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 15, 593 (2005)
G. Schneider et al., Nat. Methods 7, 985 (2010)
T. Paunesku, S. Vogt, J. Masr, B. Lai, G. Woloschak, J. Cell. Biochem. 99, 1489 (2006)
J. Deng, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 2314 (2015)
D. Sayre, Acta Crystallogr. 5, 843 (1952)
J. Miao, T. Ishikawa, I.K. Robinson, M.M. Murnane, Science 348, 530 (2015)
J.R. Fienup, Appl. Opt. 21, 2758 (1982)
K. Tamasaku, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 467–468, 686 (2001)
J. Miao, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 088303 (2002)
J. Miao, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 110 (2003)
J. Miao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 215503 (2006)
C. Song et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 158101 (2008)
Y. Nishino, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 018101 (2009)
H. Jiang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 11234 (2010)
C. Song, et al., Biophys. J. 107, 1074 (2014)
D. Nam et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 098103 (2013)
Y. Takayama, M. Nakasako, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 054301 (2012)
D. Shapiro et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 15343 (2005)
J.W. Pflugrath, Acta Crystallogr. F71, 622 (2015)
E. Lima, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 198102 (2009)
X. Huang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 198101 (2009)
M. Nakasako et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 093705 (2013)
R. Henderson, Q. Rev. Biophys. 28, 171 (1995)
M.R. Howells et al., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 170, 4 (2009)
K. Hirata et al., Nat. Methods 11, 734 (2014)
P. Emma et al., Nat. Photon. 4, 641 (2010)
T. Ishikawa et al., Nat. Photon. 6, 540 (2012)
M.M. Seibert et al., Nature 470, 78 (2011)
T. Ekerberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 098102 (2015)
T. Oroguchi et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48, 184003 (2015)
Y. Takayama, et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 56, 1272 (2015)
T. Kimura et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3052 (2014)
G. van der Schot et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 5704 (2015)
K. Tono et al., New J. Phys. 15, 083035 (2013)
H. Yumoto et al., Nat. Photonics 7, 43 (2013)
R. Neutze, R. Wouts, D. van der Spoel, E. Weckert, and. J. Hajdu Nat. 406, 752 (2000)
H.N. Chapman et al., Nat. Phys. 2, 839 (2006)
A. Diaz et al., J. Struct. Biol. 192, 461 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nakasako, M. (2018). Introduction. In: X-Ray Diffraction Imaging of Biological Cells. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 210. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56618-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56618-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56616-8
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-56618-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)