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Modulatory Mechanism of Three-Layered Hierarchical Structure in Memories Associated with Rewards and Punishments

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Memory in a Social Context

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Abstract

Memory for reward- and punishment-related information is important to effectively obtain rewards and avoid punishments. Functional neuroimaging findings of studies investigating memory enhancement for reward- and punishment-related information are methodologically categorized into two main types: conditioning and stimuli associated with a reward or punishment. In conditioning, memory enhancement involves interactions between regions related to reward and punishment, including the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, striatum and insula, and regions related to memory, including the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex. Memory enhancement for stimuli associated with a reward or punishment involves interactions between the orbitofrontal cortex, which is related to reward outcomes, or the insula, which is related to punishment outcomes, and the hippocampus, which is important for memory. In addition, findings from functional neuroimaging studies have revealed that the memory enhancement in conditioning is arranged in a three-layered hierarchical structure of psychological components, involving interactions between reward-/punishment-related regions and memory-related regions, modulations of cognitive factors that are associated with the prefrontal cortex, and modulations of social factors that are associated with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the temporo-parietal junction, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. This three-layered hierarchical structure (i.e., modulatory effects of cognitive and social factors on the interaction between reward/punishment and memory processes) could be critical for human beings, who are social animals, in obtaining rewards and avoiding punishments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan

    Yayoi Shigemune

  2. Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Takashi Tsukiura

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Correspondence to Yayoi Shigemune .

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  1. Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Takashi Tsukiura

  2. Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

    Satoshi Umeda

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Shigemune, Y., Tsukiura, T. (2017). Modulatory Mechanism of Three-Layered Hierarchical Structure in Memories Associated with Rewards and Punishments. In: Tsukiura, T., Umeda, S. (eds) Memory in a Social Context. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56591-8_6

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