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Fluid-Flow Properties of Fault Zones

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Involvement of Fluids in Earthquake Ruptures

Abstract

There is an increasing recognition of the important role played by the fluid-flow properties of fault zones in controlling earthquake rupture processes. As introduced in Chaps. 1 and 2, changes in fluid pressure within a fault zone mechanically affect the static and dynamic frictional behavior of the fault. The fluid-flow properties of the fault zone play an important role in determining fluid pressures. Since fault-zone structure is the primary control on the fluid-flow properties of fault zones, quantitative estimates of fluid-flow processes at fault zones require an accurate conceptual model of the fault-zone structure that is coupled with the fluid-flow properties of each of the fault-zone components. Field investigations of fault-zone structures are thus fundamental to obtaining an improved understanding of the fluid-flow properties of faults. The permeability structures of fault zones are highly variable, reflecting the heterogeneous nature of internal fault-zone structures. In this chapter, the generalized structure of a brittle fault zone is introduced and the development of such structure is described in Sects. 3.1 and 3.2. Section 3.3 provides an outline of the permeability structure expected for the conceptual fault-zone structure model. This section presents the permeability structures observed in natural fault-zone examples and describes the evolution of fault-zone permeability deduced from laboratory experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Teruo Yamashita

  2. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Akito Tsutsumi

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Correspondence to Teruo Yamashita .

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Yamashita, T., Tsutsumi, A. (2018). Fluid-Flow Properties of Fault Zones. In: Involvement of Fluids in Earthquake Ruptures. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56562-8_3

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