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Bioprobes pp 37-74 | Cite as

Epigenetics

Bioprobes that Target Epigenetic Modifications
  • Akihiro ItoEmail author
  • Minoru Yoshida
Chapter
First Online:
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Abstract

Epigenetics refers to a heritable alteration in gene expression not associated with an alteration in the DNA sequence. In other words, epigenetics is a heritable system that changes the phenotype without changing the genotype. Although the cells that constitute the various organs contain identical genomic DNA sequences, they establish and maintain different terminal phenotypes. This nongenetic cellular memory is based on epigenetics. Epigenetic information is less stable than genetic information, and can be influenced by diverse factors such as age, environment, and stress. Aberrant epigenetic changes are associated with various diseases, including cancers. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is mediated by histone modifications, such as acetylation and methylation, as well as DNA methylation. These modifications are reversibly modulated by specific enzymes. Therefore, chemical tools that target these epigenetic modulators could not only serve as useful tools for investigating the roles of epigenetics in biological systems and multiple human disorders, but would also have potential as drugs. Indeed, several small molecules that target histone acetylation and DNA methylation have been approved for treatment of cancers. This chapter describes our current knowledge of inhibitors of epigenetic modulators and their clinical development.

Keywords

Cancer DNA methylation Epigenetics Histone acetylation Histone methylation Inhibitor 
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© Springer Japan KK 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Chemical Genetics LaboratoryRIKENWakoJapan
  2. 2.Chemical Genomics Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceWakoJapan

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