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Organisational Principles of Connectomes: Changes During Evolution and Development

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Brain Evolution by Design

Part of the book series: Diversity and Commonality in Animals ((DCA))

Abstract

The set of neural connections in an organism is now called the connectome. Using recent noninvasive techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and traditional invasive techniques for tract tracing has uncovered a wide range of connectomes from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster to cat, mouse, rat, macaque, and human. We can therefore start to look at organisational changes during evolution. At the same time cell lineage information and measurements at different time steps allow us to observe network changes during individual, ontogenetic development. We find that the structure of a network is closely linked to its function, with distinct functional components first leading to network modules and, after the rise of further specialisation, to a hierarchical architecture with modules at different levels of network organisation. We first describe concepts that are used to characterize complex networks, then move on to briefly discuss computational models for development and evolution, before showing how network features change during the evolution and development of brain networks. We conclude with future challenges in the field of connectome development and evolution.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom (EP/K026992/1) as part of the Human Brain Development Project (http://www.greenbrainproject.org). R.B. was also supported by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom (MR/N015037/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

    Roman Bauer & Marcus Kaiser

  2. Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

    Marcus Kaiser

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  1. Roman Bauer
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Correspondence to Marcus Kaiser .

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  1. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy

    Shuichi Shigeno

  2. Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan

    Yasunori Murakami

  3. Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Tadashi Nomura

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Bauer, R., Kaiser, M. (2017). Organisational Principles of Connectomes: Changes During Evolution and Development. In: Shigeno, S., Murakami, Y., Nomura, T. (eds) Brain Evolution by Design. Diversity and Commonality in Animals. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56469-0_17

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