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New Insight into Metallomics in Cognition

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Abstract

Brain zinc homeostasis is strictly controlled under healthy condition, indicating the importance of zinc for physiological functions in the brain. A portion of zinc exists in the synaptic vesicles and is released from glutamatergic (zincergic) neuron terminals. The zinc serves as a signal factor (as Zn2+) in the intracellular (cytosol) compartment, in addition to the extracellular compartment. The dynamic crosstalk of synaptic Zn2+ signaling to intracellular Ca2+ signaling via calcium channels is involved in synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive activity. Intracellular Zn2+ signaling is critical for cognitive activity as well as intracellular Ca2+ signaling. On the other hand, excess intracellular Zn2+ signaling, which is induced by excess glutamatergic neuron activity, is involved in neuronal death in neurological disorders as well as excess intracellular Ca2+ signaling. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, i.e., glucocorticoid secretion, can potentiate glutamatergic neuron activity and modify synaptic Zn2+ signaling. This activity is enhanced by stress, aging, and zinc-deficient diet. Synaptic Zn2+ signaling is critical in both functional and pathological aspects and involved in β-amyloid-mediated cognitive decline. This chapter summarizes the physiological significance of intracellular Zn2+ signaling in cognition, in association with other divalent metals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan

    Atsushi Takeda & Hanuna Tamano

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  1. Atsushi Takeda
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  2. Hanuna Tamano
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Correspondence to Atsushi Takeda .

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  1. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

    Yasumitsu Ogra

  2. Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Takafumi Hirata

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Takeda, A., Tamano, H. (2017). New Insight into Metallomics in Cognition. In: Ogra, Y., Hirata, T. (eds) Metallomics. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56463-8_15

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