Abstract
Bangladesh is highly exposed to different kinds of natural hazards, including cyclone, flood, landslide, and drought. Due to its geographical location and historical evidence of seismic events, the country is considered to be highly vulnerable to earthquake, especially its fast-growing urban centers. Rapid urbanization without proper guidance has led to haphazard development of many urban centers. The risk is growing in urban centers due to the fact that the development is taking place in the areas that are vulnerable to hazards, such as earthquake, and there is a clear absence of disaster risk assessment as a part of the land use planning process. This chapter addresses this gap by discussing one of the key initiatives of the Urban Development Directorate, Bangladesh, and Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, to encourage disaster risk reduction-inclusive land use planning in Bangladesh. This initiative is a research project, which aims at sustainable development for urban centers by making land use planning in Bangladesh disaster risk reduction inclusive. It investigates the integration of disaster risk reduction into physical/land use planning with a specific objective of promoting risk assessment in the plan preparation. The key outcomes of this project include a framework for integrating disaster risk reduction into the methodology of land use plan preparation in Bangladesh, a comprehensive list of hazard data required for land use/physical plans in the country, and key recommendations for future improvements of integration of disaster risk reduction into land use planning in Bangladesh. Moreover, the outcomes have been applied in the preparation of the Mymensingh Strategic Development Plan. Further, the chapter also discusses the overall challenges and issues related to preparation of urban land use plans in Bangladesh by the urban development authorities and municipalities and how such issues and challenges may influence the implementation of project outcomes. Finally, the conclusion and way forward discusses issues and options for addressing the risk of the urban poor community through risk-inclusive land use planning in general as well as in Bangladesh.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ADPC (2011) Promoting use of disaster risk information in land-use planning. RCC guideline 3.2. Under the Regional Consultative Committee on Disaster Management (RCC) Program on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Development (MDRD). http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/95743/24664_24664rccguideline3.2landuseplanning.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
ADPC; Plan Bangladesh; Islamic Relief Worldwide Bangladesh (n.d.) Urban risk assessment: a facilitator’s guidebook. Available via DIPECHO partners in Bangladesh website. http://www.narribd.org/documents/guideline/Draft%20Urban%20Risk%20Assessment%20_URA_.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Bangkok Post (2011) Residents poised to revolt, Bangkok Post. 28 Nov 2011. Thailand flood-catastrophe 2011. https://antoniuni.wordpress.com/2011/11/28/residents-poised-to-revolt-bangkok/. Accessed 15 May 2015
Burby RJ (1998) Natural hazards and land use: an introduction. In: Burby R (ed) Cooperating with nature: confronting natural hazards with land use planning for sustainable communities. John Henry Press, Washington, DC, pp 1–26
Burby RJ, Deyle RE, Godschalk DR, Olshansky RB (2000) Creating hazard resilient communities through land-use planning. Nat Hazard Rev 1(2):99–106. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2000)1:2(99)
Burkart K, Gruebner O, Khan MH, Staffeld R (2008) Megacity Dhaka: urban environment, informal settlements and public health. Geogr Rundsch Int Ed 4(1):5–10
CDMP (2009) Earthquake risk assessment of Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet City Corporation Area. Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
CDMP II (2014) Atlas for seismic risk assessment in Bangladesh. Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, Dhaka
Center for Urban Studies (2006) Slums of urban Bangladesh: mapping and census, 2005. Center for Urban Studies, Dhaka
Cities Alliance (2014) Climate migration drives slum growth in Dhaka. http://www.citiesalliance.org/node/420. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Dey NC, Saha R, Islam A, Iqbal A (2012) Assessing land-use change and land degradation in Bangladesh. Stamford J Environ Hum Habitat 1:60–70
Donovan J (2013) Designing to heal: planning and urban design response to disaster and conflict. CSIRO, Melbourne
Falke M (2010) Flood management and mitigation programme component 5 and flood information based land management. In: Paper presented at 8th Flood Forum of MRC, Vientiane, 26–27 May 2010
FAO (1993) Guidelines for land-use planning. FAO, Rome
Gaillard JC, Liamzon C, Villanueva JD (2007) ‘Natural’ disaster? A retrospect into the causes of the late-2004 typhoon disaster in Eastern Luzon, Philippines. Environ Hazards 7(4):257–270
GIZ (2011) Land use planning: concept, tools and applications. http://www.giz.de/expertise/downloads/Fachexpertise/giz2012-en-land-use-planning-manual.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Hewitt K (2007) Preventable disasters: addressing social vulnerability, institutional risk, and civil ethics. Geogr Rundsch Int Ed 3(1):43–52
Islam N, Hasan SR (2004) Flood in Bangladesh 2004. CUS Bulletin on Urbanization and Development. No. 46. Center for Urban Studies. Dhaka
Islam MS, Hossain I (2013) Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC): current practices and relevance to future climate change aspect. CCTC 2013 Paper Number #1569697747. http://www.cctc2013.ca/Papers/CCTC2013%20ECS1-2r%20Islam.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
King D, Harwood S, Cottrell A, Gurtner Y, Firdaus A (2013) Land use planning for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: operationalizing policy and legislation at local levels. Input paper. In: Prepared for the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015
Kyoto University, UNISDR, RTF-URR (2010) A guide for implementing the Hyogo Framework for action by local stakeholders. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/13101_ImplementingtheHFA.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2015
Maplecroft (2013) Latest produces and analysis: Maplecroft’s climate change and environmental risk Atlas 2013. https://maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi_2013.html. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Mercer J (2010) Policy arena – disaster risk reduction or climate change adaptation: are we reinventing the wheel? J Int Dev 22:247–264. doi:10.1002/jid.1677
Mohit MA (1991) History of urban growth and concentration in Dhaka: an analysis of spatial organization of power and authority, Dhaka: past present future. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, pp 654–672
MRSC (2015) Development regulations and zoning. http://mrsc.org/Home/ExploreTopics/Planning/Development-Regulations/Development-Regulations-and-Zoning.aspx. Accessed 20 May 2015
Nazem, NI (2013) Urban planning in Bangladesh: education, research and profession. http://cusdhaka.org/bulletin-articles/urban-planning-in-bangladesh-education-research-and-profession. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Parvin GA, Ahsan Reazul SM, Shaw R (2013) Urban risk reduction approaches in Bangladesh. In: Shaw R et al (eds) Disaster risk reduction approaches in Bangladesh, disaster risk reduction. Springer, Japan, pp 235–257
Paul BK, Bhuiyan RH (2010) Urban earthquake hazard: perceived seismic risk and preparedness in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Disaster 34(2):337–359. doi:10.1111/j.0361-3666.2009.01132.x
Rahman MS, Islam MA (2013) Decentralization in urban land-use planning in Bangladesh
Rana MP (2011) Urbanization and sustainability: challenges and strategies for sustainable urban development in Bangladesh. Environ Dev Sustain 13:237–256. doi:10.1007/s10668-010-9258-4
Rashid SR (2000) The urban poor in Dhaka city: their struggles and coping strategies during the floods of 1998. Disasters 20(3):240–253
Rationality of the scene behind a screen. In: Md. Shahinoor Rahman (ed) World town planning day 2014, yearly. Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Bangladesh, pp 5–14
Satterthwaite D (2011) What role for low-income communities in urban areas in disaster risk reduction? Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2011. http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2011/en/bgdocs/Satterthwaite_2011.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Sharfuddin M (2001) Earthquake hazard analysis for Bangladesh. Thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka
Shaw R (2014) Urban disaster risk reduction framework: assessing urban resilience in World Vision project sites in Bangladesh, China, and Indonesia final report – 1. World Vision International. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/42642_42642urbandrrframework1.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Shaw R, Colley M, Connell R (2007) Climate change adaptation by design: a guide for sustainable communities. TCPA, London
Sudmeier-Rieux K, Fra Paleo U, Garschagen M, Estrella M, Renaud FG, Jaboyedoff M (2013) Opportunities, incentives and challenges to risk sensitive land use planning. Lessons from Nepal, Spain and Vietnam. Int J Disaster Risk Reduction. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.09.009, Available online
Torry WI (1978) Bureaucracy, community and natural disasters. Hum Organ 37(3):302–307
Torry WI (1979) Anthropological studies in hazardous environments: past trends and new horizons. Curr Anthropol 20(3):517–540
Tran P, Shaw R (2007) Towards an integrated approach of disaster and environmental management: a case study of Thua Thien Hue province in Central Vietnam. Environ Hazards 7(4):271–282
Twigg J (2004) Good practice review: disaster risk reduction – mitigation and preparedness in development and emergency planning. Humanitarian Practice Network. www.odihpn.org/download/gpr9/part1pdf. Accessed 10 May 2015
UDD (1968) Physical planning progress: a decade of development & reforms. Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka
UDD (2013) Integrating DRR into land use planning in Bangladesh. Urban Development Directorate, Ministry of Housing and Public Works. Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
UNISDR (2009) Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction: risk and poverty in a changing climate. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Geneva
UNISDR (2011) Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction: revealing risk, redefining development. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Geneva
UNISDR (2012) Chapter 2: what are the ten essentials for making cities disaster resilient? In how to make cities more resilient: a handbook for local government leaders. http://www.unisdr.org/files/26462_4.chapitre2.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Wisner B, Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. Routledge, London
World Bank (2007a) Dhaka: improving living conditions for the urban poor. Bangladesh development series, paper no. 17. The World Bank Office, Dhaka
World Bank (2007b) Dhaka metropolitan development plan strategic environmental assessment: final report. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETENVIRONMENT/Resources/2443511222272730742/Final-DhakaSEA-11_Sep_2007.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
World Bank (2013) World Bank supports to enhance earthquake preparedness in Dhaka. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/03/28/world-bank-supports-to-enhance-earthquake-preparedness-in-Dhaka. Accessed 20 Apr 2015
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prashar, S., Rahman, M.A. (2017). Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction into Land Use Planning: Experience of Bangladesh. In: Banba, M., Shaw, R. (eds) Land Use Management in Disaster Risk Reduction. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56442-3_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56442-3_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56440-9
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-56442-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)