Abstract
This chapter summarizes the relationship between the Energy Charter Treaty and provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Energy Charter Treaty enhances the provisions of the GATT and acts as a WTO Plus agreement.
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Notes
- 1.
The Energy Charter website, “Process”, Overview http://www.energycharter.org/process/overview/
- 2.
Id.
- 3.
Id.
- 4.
Id.
- 5.
The Energy Charter website, “Who We Are”, Members and Observers http://www.energycharter.org/who-we-are/members-observers/
- 6.
Italy remains within the framework of the Energy Charter Process as an observer. The fact that the EU is a Contracting Party to the ECT while Italy is an observer thereof may raise some difficulties in identifying how the ECT applies to various circumstances.
- 7.
The Energy Charter website, “Who We Are”, Members and Observers, Russian Federation http://www.energycharter.org/who-we-are/members-observers/countries/russian-federation/
- 8.
The Energy Charter website, “Process”, Overview http://www.energycharter.org/process/overview/
- 9.
The Energy Charter website, “Process”, International Energy Charter http://www.energycharter.org/process/international-energy-charter-2015/ Thisweb-page lists only 70 signatories (EU and EURATOM are collectively counted as one). However, in addition to those 70, Iran has signed the 2015 Charter. (The Energy Charter website, “What We Do”, Events, First Group Signing Event of the International Energy Charter for new countries joining the Energy Charter Process http://www.energycharter.org/what-we-do/events/international-energy-charter-group-signing/)
- 10.
The Energy Charter website, “Process”, Energy Charter Treaty http://www.energycharter.org/process/energy-charter-treaty-1994/energy-charter-treaty/
- 11.
Article 29(2) of the ECT; Amendment to the Trade-Related Provisions of the ECT.
- 12.
Id.
- 13.
The WTO’s website, “WTO Membership”, Members https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm
- 14.
The Energy Charter website, “Who We Are”, Members and Observers, Belarus http://www.energycharter.org/who-we-are/members-observers/countries/belarus/
- 15.
Article 7(3) of the ECT.
- 16.
Article 7(7) of the ECT.
- 17.
Article 7(6) of the ECT.
- 18.
Article 7(7)(a) to (d) of the ECT.
- 19.
Article 1(6) of the ECT.
- 20.
Article 10(1) of the ECT.
- 21.
Article 10(7) of the ECT.
- 22.
Article 10(1) of the ECT.
- 23.
Article 26 of the ECT.
- 24.
Article 1(6) of the ECT.
- 25.
Article 29(7) of, and Annex D to, the ECT.
- 26.
Article 27 of the ECT.
- 27.
Clause (2)(d) of Annex D to the ECT.
- 28.
See Annex D to the ECT.
- 29.
Article 29(7) of the ECT.
- 30.
See Article 19(1) of the ECT.
- 31.
Articles 3(2) and 5 of the PEEREA.
- 32.
Article 19(1)(c) and (g) of the ECT.
- 33.
See Article 26 of the ECT.
- 34.
The Energy Charter website, “What We Do”, Dispute Settlement, All Investment Dispute Settlement Cases http://www.energycharter.org/what-we-do/dispute-settlement/all-investment-dispute-settlement-cases/.
- 35.
The ICSID’s website https://icsid.worldbank.org/apps/ICSIDWEB/cases/Pages/AdvancedSearch.aspx.
- 36.
Article 26(4) of the ECT.
- 37.
Article 2 of the ECT.
- 38.
The Interim Text of the ECT, dated 25 June 1994.
- 39.
The ECT Text for Adoption, dated 14 September 1994.
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Yodogawa, N. (2016). Energy Charter Treaty: Standing Out Beside the WTO. In: Matsushita, M., Schoenbaum, T. (eds) Emerging Issues in Sustainable Development. Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_13
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