Abstract
Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The risk of CRC is associated with disease duration and extent, and histological and endoscopic severity of inflammation. UC-associated CRC is often accompanied by dysplasia, which is a neoplastic lesion itself and is assumed to be pre-cancerous lesions. Patients with long-standing UC are recommended to undergo regular surveillance colonoscopy, which utilizes dysplasia as a marker of synchronous or metachronous development of CRC. Chromoendoscopy can increase the detection rate of dysplasia in surveillance colonoscopy, and is replacing the traditional step-biopsy method. Dysplasia is histologically categorized as high-grade (HGD) or low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and is endoscopically classified to visible or invisible lesions. Visible dysplasia with distinct border can be resected endoscopically, followed by close surveillance. In case of invisible dysplasia (detected by step biopsy), colectomy is recommended for patients with HGD. The management of invisible LGD is controversial.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Eaden JA, Abrams KR, Mayberry JF. The risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Gut. 2001;48(4):526–35.
Rutter MD, Saunders BP, Wilkinson KH, Rumbles S, Schofield G, Kamm MA, Williams CB, Price AB, Talbot IC, Forbes A. Thirty-year analysis of a colonoscopic surveillance program for neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(4):1030–8. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.12.035.
Rutter M, Saunders B, Wilkinson K, Rumbles S, Schofield G, Kamm M, Williams C, Price A, Talbot I, Forbes A. Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(2):451–9.
Rutter MD, Saunders BP, Wilkinson KH, Rumbles S, Schofield G, Kamm MA, Williams CB, Price AB, Talbot IC, Forbes A. Cancer surveillance in longstanding ulcerative colitis: endoscopic appearances help predict cancer risk. Gut. 2004;53(12):1813–6. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.038505.
Jess T, Simonsen J, Jorgensen KT, Pedersen BV, Nielsen NM, Frisch M. Decreasing risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease over 30 years. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(2):375–381.e371. quiz e313–e374 doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.016.
Riddell RH, Goldman H, Ransohoff DF, Appelman HD, Fenoglio CM, Haggitt RC, Ahren C, Correa P, Hamilton SR, Morson BC, et al. Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: standardized classification with provisional clinical applications. Hum Pathol. 1983;14(11):931–68.
Blackstone MO, Riddell RH, Rogers BH, Levin B. Dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM) detected by colonoscopy in long-standing ulcerative colitis: an indication for colectomy. Gastroenterology. 1981;80(2):366–74.
Cairns SR, Scholefield JH, Steele RJ, Dunlop MG, Thomas HJ, Evans GD, Eaden JA, Rutter MD, Atkin WP, Saunders BP, Lucassen A, Jenkins P, Fairclough PD, Woodhouse CR. Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002). Gut. 2010;59(5):666–89. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.179804.
Choi CH, Rutter MD, Askari A, Lee GH, Warusavitarne J, Moorghen M, Thomas-Gibson S, Saunders BP, Graham TA, Hart AL. Forty-year analysis of colonoscopic surveillance program for neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: an updated overview. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(7):1022–34. doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.65.
Choi PM, Nugent FW, Schoetz Jr DJ, Silverman ML, Haggitt RC. Colonoscopic surveillance reduces mortality from colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 1993;105(2):418–24.
Laine L, Kaltenbach T, Barkun A, McQuaid KR, Subramanian V, Soetikno R. SCENIC international consensus statement on surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(3):639–51. e628 doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.031.
van den Broek FJ, Stokkers PC, Reitsma JB, Boltjes RP, Ponsioen CY, Fockens P, Dekker E. Random biopsies taken during colonoscopic surveillance of patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis: low yield and absence of clinical consequences. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(5):715–22. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.93.
Watanabe T, Ajioka Y, Mitsuyama K, Watanabe K, Hanai H, Nakase H, Kunisaki R, Matsuda K, Iwakiri R, Hida N, Tanaka S, Takeuchi Y, Ohtsuka K, Murakami K, Kobayashi K, Iwao Y, Nagahori M, Iizuka B, Hata K, Igarashi M, Hirata I, Kudo SE, Matsumoto T, Ueno F, Watanabe G, Ikegami M, Ito Y, Oba K, Inoue E, Tomotsugu N, Takebayashi T, Sugihara K, Suzuki Y, Watanabe M, Hibi T. Comparison of targeted vs random biopsies for surveillance of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2016;151(6):1122–1130. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.002.
Kiesslich R, Fritsch J, Holtmann M, Koehler HH, Stolte M, Kanzler S, Nafe B, Jung M, Galle PR, Neurath MF. Methylene blue-aided chromoendoscopy for the detection of intraepithelial neoplasia and colon cancer in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(4):880–8. doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50146.
Dekker E, van den Broek FJ, Reitsma JB, Hardwick JC, Offerhaus GJ, van Deventer SJ, Hommes DW, Fockens P. Narrow-band imaging compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of dysplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy 2007;39(3):216–21. doi:10.1055/s-2007-966214.
Hata K, Watanabe T, Motoi T, Nagawa H. Pitfalls of pit pattern diagnosis in ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(1):374–6.
Wanders LK, Dekker E, Pullens B, Bassett P, Travis SP, East JE. Cancer risk after resection of polypoid dysplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(5):756–64. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.024.
van Schaik FD, ten Kate FJ, Offerhaus GJ, Schipper ME, Vleggaar FP, van der Woude CJ, Stokkers PC, de Jong DJ, Hommes DW, van Bodegraven AA, Siersema PD, Oldenburg B. Misclassification of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: consequences for progression rates to advanced neoplasia. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(5):1108–16. doi:10.1002/ibd.21467.
Thomas T, Abrams KA, Robinson RJ, Mayberry JF. Meta-analysis: cancer risk of low-grade dysplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25(6):657–68. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03241.x.
Engelsgjerd M, Farraye FA, Odze RD. Polypectomy may be adequate treatment for adenoma-like dysplastic lesions in chronic ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 1999;117(6):1288–94. discussion 1488–1291
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matsuoka, K., Iwao, Y., Kanai, T. (2018). Surveillance Colonoscopy. In: Hibi, T., Hisamatsu, T., Kobayashi, T. (eds) Advances in Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56018-0_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56018-0_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56016-6
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-56018-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)