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Helicobacter pylori Research pp 299–323Cite as

Helicobacter pylori and the Host Immune Response

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Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is an ancient companion of humans and has coevolved with the human race at least since its migration out of Africa. Consequently, it is well adapted to its exclusive niche, the mucosal surface of the human stomach, and has developed elaborate strategies to evade or suppress immunity and establish persistent infection. This chapter will discuss the most recent findings regarding innate immune recognition of H. pylori and the mechanisms that allow the bacteria to avoid detection and subsequent killing by antimicrobial peptides and other first-line defense mechanisms. Additional topics focus on the differences in adaptive immune responses that may explain the broad spectrum of disease outcomes in H. pylori-infected individuals, which range from a completely asymptomatic carrier state to often fatal gastric cancer development. The immune cell compartments driving H. pylori infection-associated immunopathology are discussed along with their main effector mechanisms. Additionally, several strategies employed by H. pylori to block the clonal expansion of specific effector T cells, and to preferentially induce the differentiation of regulatory T cells, are introduced in light of their putative role in establishing and maintaining persistent infection. A final topic deals with the consequences of H. pylori-specific immunomodulation for the risk of the carrier to develop immune-related disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases of the lower bowel and certain allergic disease manifestations. A potential protective effect of H. pylori on such immune disorders is discussed with regard to the latest epidemiological findings in humans as well as experimental studies in animal models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    Anne Müller & Mara L. Hartung

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  1. Anne Müller
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  2. Mara L. Hartung
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Correspondence to Anne Müller .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Microbiology;Dept of Biology, Friedrich Alexander Univ;Erlangen-Nuremb, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany

    Steffen Backert

  2. Dept of Medicine-Gastroenteology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA

    Yoshio Yamaoka

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Müller, A., Hartung, M.L. (2016). Helicobacter pylori and the Host Immune Response. In: Backert, S., Yamaoka, Y. (eds) Helicobacter pylori Research. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55936-8_12

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