Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans, an α-proteobacterial species used for industrial vitamin C production, possesses a number of unusual metabolic features. Because of the absence of phosphofructokinase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, and succinate dehydrogenase, the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway (EMP) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are interrupted, leaving the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway (EDP) as the only complete pathways in central metabolism. Mutant and 13C-based carbon flux analysis revealed the PPP to be of prime importance for the cytoplasmic catabolism of sugars and derivatives. Pyruvate is partially converted to the end product acetate by pyruvate decarboxylase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The respiratory chain involves two terminal ubiquinol oxidases, cytochrome bo 3 and a cyanide-insensitive bd-type oxidase CIO. Mutant studies disclosed the paramount role of cytochrome bo 3 for growth. In addition, a cytochrome bc 1 complex and cytochrome c are present, but presumably no functional cytochrome c oxidase. A mutant lacking cytochrome bc 1 showed a growth defect at acidic pH; nevertheless, the precise role of this complex remains to be clarified. Here we present an overview on recent studies concerned with central carbon metabolism and respiration in G. oxydans and also discuss corresponding data for species of Acetobacter and Gluconacetobacter.
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Acknowledgments
We are most grateful to Armin Ehrenreich and Wolfgang Liebl (Technical University of Munich, Germany) for providing the strains and protocols used for generating the G. oxydans deletion mutants. We thank Jayne Louise Wilson (The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom) for advising us on the method of H+/O measurement. We thank Petra Simić, Dietmar Laudert, Günter Pappenberger, and Hans-Peter Hohmann (DSM Nutritional Products) for their scientific input and their continued disposition for discussion.
We also thank DSM Nutritional Products (Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) for financial support. This work was funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the GenoMik-Plus and GenoMik-Transfer programs (grants 0313751H and 0315632D).
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Bringer, S., Bott, M. (2016). Central Carbon Metabolism and Respiration in Gluconobacter oxydans . In: Matsushita, K., Toyama, H., Tonouchi, N., Okamoto-Kainuma, A. (eds) Acetic Acid Bacteria. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55933-7_11
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