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Transcriptional Regulation by HSF

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Heat Shock Factor

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Abstract

The induction and inhibition of gene expression occur constantly in cells. Stress-inducible genes are equipped with a mechanism that allows them to be instantaneously induced; RNA polymerase II (Pol II) stops at a position several tens of bases ahead of transcription initiation point in order to prepare for the induction of expression following stress. Of the known stress-inducible genes, the heat shock protein HSP70 gene has been actively studied using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. In the normal state, GAGA factor binds to the HSP70 promoter region in order to open the surrounding chromatin structure to prepare the condition to which HSF, Pol II, general transcription factors and coactivators can readily access. The GAGA factor is absent in higher animals, and mammalian HSF1 instead plays its role. Heat stress releases Pol II pausing in both Drosophila and higher animals, and HSP70 is rapidly induced, but through different molecular mechanisms in these animals. HSF1 induces not only the classical but also nonclassical HSP groups involved in various processes in the normal state and in response to heat shock. In addition to turning on transcription, HSF1 turns off transcription in conjugation with corepressors. Through these regulations, HSF1 plays roles in balancing the quality and quantity of proteins within a cell.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan

    Mitsuaki Fujimoto

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Correspondence to Mitsuaki Fujimoto .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

    Akira Nakai

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Fujimoto, M. (2016). Transcriptional Regulation by HSF. In: Nakai, A. (eds) Heat Shock Factor. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55852-1_4

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