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Structure and Function of the HSF Family Members

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Heat Shock Factor

Abstract

The heat shock response is a fundamental mechanism to adapt against various proteotoxic stresses in all living organisms. This response is characterized by the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and regulated mainly at the level of transcription by heat shock factor (HSF). Vertebrate cells possess four HSF genes, which are located in the conserved syntenic regions among species. The amino acid sequences of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and oligomerization domain (HR-A/B) located in the N-terminal region are highly conserved. The DBD interacts with genomic DNA, and HR-A/B is required for the formation of an HSF trimer that binds to DNA with high affinity. The HR-A/B is flanked by two nuclear localization signals. There are some activation or regulatory domains in the C-terminal region. Among HSF family members, HSF1 is a master regulator of the expression of HSP gene in mammalian cells, while that of non-HSP genes is also regulated by HSF2, HSF3, and HSF4. Furthermore, the HSF family members cooperatively or competitively regulate the expression of some common targets.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, 755-8505, Ube, Japan

    Ryosuke Takii & Mitsuaki Fujimoto

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  1. Ryosuke Takii
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Correspondence to Ryosuke Takii .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

    Akira Nakai

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Takii, R., Fujimoto, M. (2016). Structure and Function of the HSF Family Members. In: Nakai, A. (eds) Heat Shock Factor. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55852-1_2

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