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Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Disease

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Bioactive Lipid Mediators

Abstract

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are peptide-conjugated lipid inflammatory mediators generated predominantly by hematopoietic effector cells. Although they were originally recognized based on their capacity to potently induce vascular leakage and smooth muscle contraction, they are now known to elicit a wide range of effects on hematopoietic and structural cells and to have a key role in the initiation and amplification of type 2 immunity and eosinophilic inflammation. The three ligands comprising the cys-LTs, that is, leukotriene (LT)C4, LTD4, and LTE4, mediate their effects through at least three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), termed the type 1 and type 2 cys-LT receptors (CysLT1R and CysLT2R, respectively), and the recently identified third receptor, GPR99, the only receptor with a binding preference for LTE4. This chapter is concerned primarily with the expanding role of the cys-LTs and their receptors in asthma and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and touches on the potential implications for other pathobiological processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Laura B. Fanning M.D. & Joshua A. Boyce M.D.

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Smith Building, Room 638, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Laura B. Fanning M.D. & Joshua A. Boyce M.D.

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Correspondence to Joshua A. Boyce M.D. .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Takehiko Yokomizo

  2. Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Makoto Murakami

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Fanning, L.B., Boyce, J.A. (2015). Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Disease. In: Yokomizo, T., Murakami, M. (eds) Bioactive Lipid Mediators. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55669-5_20

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