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Amebiasis pp 497–519Cite as

Immune Response in Human Amebiasis: A Protective Response?

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Abstract

Infection with Entamoeba histolytica provokes human diseases that range from amebic colitis to the life-threatening amebic liver abscess; nonetheless, about 90 % of infected people do not develop any symptom. What circumstances or which events in the dynamics of the host–parasite relationship define the outcome of infection? What are the causes that allow the apparently spontaneous clearance of the infection? How protective is the immune response against E. histolytica? Why do some infected people remain asymptomatic and why do others develop clinical symptoms? What is the role of immunogenetic polymorphism in the final outcome of the infection? These questions are the major aims of many research groups around the world. In the present review, we analyze the potential participation of the immune system and the genetic variants of genes associated with immune response in the human host with its susceptibility or resistance to develop amebic invasive disease.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

Amebic liver abscess

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

CRD:

Carbohydrate recognition domain

DC:

Dendritic cell

Eh/CP5:

Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 5

Gal/GalNAc:

Galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

iTreg:

Induced regulatory T cell

IFN:

Interferon

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IL:

Interleukin

ILC:

Innate lymphoid cell

ILF:

Isolated lymphoid follicle

LFA-1:

Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 integrin

LPPG:

Lipophosphopeptidoglican

LRR:

Leucine-rich repeats

LTi:

Lymphoid tissue inducer

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NFκB:

Nuclear factor κB

NK:

Natural killer cell

NKT:

Natural killer T cell

NO:

Nitric oxide

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SFB:

Segmented filamentous bacteria

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TIR:

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

Treg:

Regulatory T cell

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank, for financial support, the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT): Grant 2010-1-140990, and SEP-CONACyT 79220; and by the PAPIIT program for Scientific Research Development (DGAPA) UNAM: Grants PAPIIT IN204208, IN206408, IN206405, IN226511 and PAPIME 200105.

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  1. Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico

    Cecilia Ximenez, Oswaldo Partida, Miriam Nieves, Eric Hernandez, Patricia Moran, Alicia Valadez, Enrique Gonzalez, Rene Cerritos & Liliana Rojas

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  1. Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomoyoshi Nozaki

  2. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Alok Bhattacharya

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Ximenez, C. et al. (2015). Immune Response in Human Amebiasis: A Protective Response?. In: Nozaki, T., Bhattacharya, A. (eds) Amebiasis. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55200-0_29

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