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Cell-Surface Molecules as Virulence Determinants in Entamoeba histolytica

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Amebiasis

Abstract

Virulence of the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica is related to adherence to, killing, and phagocytosis of host cells, and contact between trophozoites and host cells is necessary for amoebic effectors to act. Virulence also relies on parasite motility in extracellular matrices and human tissues and on the capacity of the parasite to escape the host defense response and to trigger inflammation. Amoebic surface components implicated in all these processes have been identified as important virulence factors. This chapter presents current knowledge on the major surface molecules of E. histolytica critically involved in parasite interactions with healthy or apoptotic cells (Gal/GalNAc lectin, LPG/LPPG proteophosphoglycans, KERP1, CPADH, STIRP, proform of CP-A5, ROM1), in recognition of apoptotic cells (calreticulin, M17, C2PK, SREHP, TMK96), host cell phagocytosis (CPADH, SREHP, TMK96, ROM1), attachment to extracellular matrices (β1FNR, β2 integrin-like), and immune evasion or triggering the inflammatory response (Gal/GalNAc lectin, KERP1, proform of CP-A5, LPG/LPPG).

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Abbreviations

ALA:

Amoebic liver abscess

CC:

Coiled-coils

CP:

Cysteine protease

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

Gal/GalNAc:

Galactose- and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

LPGs:

Lipophosphoglycans

PPGs:

Proteophosphoglycans

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

RGD:

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid

TM:

Transmembrane

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgments

The work of the BCP unit is supported by grants from the French Parasitology consortium ParaFrap (ANR-11-LABX0024), the French National Agency for Research (ANR-MIE08, ANR-Genomics, and ANR SVE3-Paractin), the French Ministère de la Recherche et la Technologie (MRT), the Pasteur-Weizmann research council, ECOS-NORD, and from Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM).

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  1. Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France

    Daniela M. Faust & Nancy Guillen

  2. INSERM U786, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France

    Daniela M. Faust & Nancy Guillen

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  1. Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomoyoshi Nozaki

  2. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Alok Bhattacharya

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© 2015 Springer Japan

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Faust, D.M., Guillen, N. (2015). Cell-Surface Molecules as Virulence Determinants in Entamoeba histolytica . In: Nozaki, T., Bhattacharya, A. (eds) Amebiasis. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55200-0_15

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