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Taxonomy and Distribution of the Unarmored Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and C. fulvescens

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Marine Protists

Abstract

Red tides of the unarmored dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides and related chain-forming Cochlodinium species have been responsible for the mass mortality of fish in coastal areas of East Asia, and in Central and North America over the past few decades. Since 2000, C. polykrikoides has been reported for the first time from Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East and the Mediterranean, so its distribution has seemingly expanded. Recent molecular phylogenetic works have detected intraspecific populations of C. polykrikoides, which presumably indicates their original distribution area. Reported occurrences of the chain-forming Cochlodinium spp., Cochlodinium fulvescens and C. polykrikoides are summarized with reference to their ribotypes, in order to consider the expansion of their distribution area and recent migration. The ultrastructure of C. polykrikoides was recently analyzed and showed the characteristic features seen in all other dinoflagellates. The apical groove structure of C. fulvescens is also provided in this chapter, for morphological comparison with C. polykrikoides and further characterization of chain-forming Cochlodinium spp. that produce fish-killing red tides.

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Acknowledgments

Constructive criticism was provided by Drs. Richard W Jordan, Yamagata University, and Susumu Ohtsuka, Hiroshima University. This work was partly supported by a Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (MI, No. 24580258 and 25304029), and JSPS for the Asian CORE Program (ACORE-COMSEA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Mitsunori Iwataki

  2. Hatami, Ondo, Hiroshima, 737-1207, Japan

    Haruyoshi Takayama

  3. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan

    Kazuya Takahashi

  4. Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Kazumi Matsuoka

Authors
  1. Mitsunori Iwataki
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  2. Haruyoshi Takayama
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  4. Kazumi Matsuoka
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Correspondence to Mitsunori Iwataki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Takehara Marine Science Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, Japan

    Susumu Ohtsuka

  2. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Toshinobu Suzaki

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Takeo Horiguchi

  4. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Noritoshi Suzuki

  5. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que – CNRS, University Pierre and Marie Curie – UPMC Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France

    Fabrice Not

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Iwataki, M., Takayama, H., Takahashi, K., Matsuoka, K. (2015). Taxonomy and Distribution of the Unarmored Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and C. fulvescens . In: Ohtsuka, S., Suzaki, T., Horiguchi, T., Suzuki, N., Not, F. (eds) Marine Protists. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_23

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