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Pattern Recognition by Dendritic Cells and Its Application to Vaccine Adjuvant for Antitumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy of Cancer

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate the maturation to a specific stage in response to stimuli with microbial pattern molecules (PAMP) and trigger activation of host immune response together with antigens (Ags). Recently, subsets of dendritic cells have been subdivided with surface markers into DCs with high Ag-presenting capacity and those with less capacity. These DC subsets have been found to induce various effectors in response to their different compositions of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In human, the best Ag-presenting cell is CD141+ DC, while in the mouse the best one is CD8a+ DC. In this paper, we describe the properties of PRRs in host DC subsets and outline the induction mechanism of effector cells. PAMP is usually called “adjuvant” in the field of tumor immunology. I will explain the recent launch of the obvious mechanisms by which the DC-dependent NK activation and antitumor CTL induction are promoted by adjuvants.

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Abbreviations

APC:

antigen-presenting cell

BCGCWS:

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell-wall skeleton

BDCA:

Blood Dendritic Cell Antigens

DAMP:

damage-associated molecular patterns

FACS:

flow cytometry

GM-CSF:

granulocyte-macrophage-coloney stimulating factor

INAM:

IRF3-dependent NK cell activating molecule

IRAK:

IL-1 Receptor–associated Kinase

IRF:

interferon-regulatory factor

Mal/TIRAP:

TIRAP toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor

MALP:

macrophage-activating lipopeptide

MAVS:

mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein

qPCR:

quantitative PCR

TICAM:

Toll-IL-1R homology domain-containing adaptor molecule

TRAM:

TRIF-associated adaptor molecule

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to our lab members for invaluable discussions. This work was supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); “the Carcinogenic Spiral” a MEXT Grant-in-Project; the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; the Takeda Foundation; the Yasuda Cancer Research Foundation; and the Kato Memorial Bioscience Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan

    Tsukasa Seya, Masahiro Azuma & Misako Matsumoto

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  1. Tsukasa Seya
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  2. Masahiro Azuma
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  3. Misako Matsumoto
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Correspondence to Tsukasa Seya .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

    Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi

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Seya, T., Azuma, M., Matsumoto, M. (2016). Pattern Recognition by Dendritic Cells and Its Application to Vaccine Adjuvant for Antitumor Immunotherapy. In: Yamaguchi, Y. (eds) Immunotherapy of Cancer. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55031-0_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55031-0_16

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