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Roles of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Neuroprotection

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Abstract

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), located between the photoreceptors and Bruch’s membrane, is a vital tissue for the maintenance of photoreceptor functions. Numerous proteins expressed in the RPE regulate the transport of nutrients and waste products to and from the photoreceptors, which contributes to phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments and protects from the excessive light and oxygen reactive species to maintain retinal homeostasis. During aging, the RPE is observed to undergo characteristic changes including cell loss, loss of intact melanin granules, metabolic changes, and the intracellular accumulation of lipofuscin. Those changes adversely affect the RPE functions and associate with various diseases of the neural retina and the choroid. Given a number of studies reporting the RPE functions which serve for the retina and the choroid, it is essential to understand the physiological functions of the RPE in order to decipher disease- and age-related changes in vision.

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Acknowledgments

Our research is supported by the Takeda Science Foundation, Mishima Saiichi Memorial Ophthalmic Research Japan Foundation, Charitable Trust Fund for Ophthalmic Research in Commemoration of Santen Pharmaceutical’s Founder, Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Areas Program, and a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan (A.K. #24791823, S.I. #24390392).

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  1. Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Atsuhiro Kanda & Susumu Ishida

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  1. Atsuhiro Kanda
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  2. Susumu Ishida
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Correspondence to Susumu Ishida .

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Toru Nakazawa

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

    Yasushi Kitaoka

  3. Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Inst of Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan

    Takayuki Harada

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Kanda, A., Ishida, S. (2014). Roles of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Neuroprotection. In: Nakazawa, T., Kitaoka, Y., Harada, T. (eds) Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration for Retinal Diseases. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54965-9_16

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