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Diffusion and Thermal Diffusion by Means of Dynamic Light Scattering and Laser Holography

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Abstract

Diffusion processes of biological molecules in a medium are important subjects for Nano/Micro Biorheology. Developments of the laser as a light source have made a considerable impact in the field of spectroscopy, owing to its high intensity and coherence where the diffusion processes have been studied extensively with a high precision by many researchers. In this chapter, two types of diffusion are reviewed. Firstly, self-diffusion under a homogeneous temperature condition, known as Fick’s diffusion, is shown where the diffusion coefficient of biomaterials is measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Second, thermal diffusion, also called the Ludwig-Soret effect, is followed-up to study biological molecules and related water-soluble polymers. Thermal diffusion occurs when the system is in nonequilibrium thermodynamically, where a temperature gradient induces a mass diffusion in the system. The experiments for studying the thermal diffusion mentioned in this chapter involve a holographic method of laser interferometry. Characterizations of these diffusion processes are related to insights on the molecular interactions between biological molecules and solvents and are utilized to understand their unique behaviors.

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  1. Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan

    Rio Kita

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  1. Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan

    Rio Kita

  2. Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan

    Toshiaki Dobashi

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Kita, R. (2015). Diffusion and Thermal Diffusion by Means of Dynamic Light Scattering and Laser Holography. In: Kita, R., Dobashi, T. (eds) Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54886-7_5

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