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Spiral Ganglion Cell and Auditory Neuron

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Regenerative Medicine for the Inner Ear

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Abstract

Auditory nerve is a bundle of bipolar auditory neurons forming synapses peripherally with hair cells and centrally with cochlear nucleus cells. Spiral ganglion cells are the cell bodies of auditory neurons. The auditory neurons commonly degenerate both when hair cells are damaged initially and when axons of auditory nerve are injured primarily. Auditory neuropathic type auditory nerve degeneration, selective auditory neuronal degeneration with sparing of hair cells, exists much more than once thought. This pathological situation may become most suitable for cell transplantation intervention because survived hair cells can provide trophic factors to donor cells. The interface between the PNS (peripheral nervous system) and the CNS (central nervous system) portions is called the transitional zone (TZ). TZ may come to be a barrier against cell migration and centrally growing neurites from the distal side of TZ are sensitive to the repellent effects of astrocytes in the CNS portion of auditory nerve. It was revealed that glial scar is induced in the auditory nerve and/or cochlea nucleus regions not only in primary but also secondary auditory nerve degenerations. As glial scar strongly inhibits neuronal regeneration, our future approach to restore hearing should include a tactics to overcome inhibitory glial scar as in CNS neurodegenerative disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Tetsuji Sekiya & Harukazu Hiraumi

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  1. Tetsuji Sekiya
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  2. Harukazu Hiraumi
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Correspondence to Tetsuji Sekiya .

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  1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Juichi Ito

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Sekiya, T., Hiraumi, H. (2014). Spiral Ganglion Cell and Auditory Neuron. In: Ito, J. (eds) Regenerative Medicine for the Inner Ear. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54862-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54862-1_6

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