Abstract
Climate change has aroused serious consciousness among human beings as it has a strong impact on different parameters like rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration etc. Change in climatic parameters also affects the agriculture and water demand of an area. The changed pattern of rainfall leads to extreme conditions like flood, drought and cyclones which have increased in frequency in the last few decades making the rainfall trend analysis extremely important for India where a large part of the economy depends upon rain-fed agriculture. The trend of rainfall for 141 years of India was analyzed in the present study from 1871 to 2011. Detection of trend was done by analyzing 306 stations of India divided into seven regions of Homogeneous Indian Monsoon, Core-Monsoon India, North West India, West Central India, Central Northeast India, North East India and Peninsular India. Temporal as well as spatial rainfall variability was shown on monthly, seasonal and annual basis. The Mann–Kendall (MK) Test and Sen’s slope was applied in the study. Mann–Whitney–Pettitt (MWP) test was used to give the break point in the series. Annually, 5 regions have decreasing trend except for core-monsoon and north-east India. Monsoon season depicted decrease in the rainfall magnitude in most of the regions. This result is extremely significant as monsoon rainfall serves the major water demand for agriculture. Change Percentage for 141 years had shown rainfall variability throughout India with the highest increase in North-West India (5.14 %) and decrease in Core-monsoon India (−4.45 %) annually.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) for the rainfall data, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) and University Grant Commission (UGC) for the financial support in the research.
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Kundu, S., Khare, D., Mondal, A., Mishra, P.K. (2014). Long Term Rainfall Trend Analysis (1871–2011) for Whole India. In: Singh, M., Singh, R., Hassan, M. (eds) Climate Change and Biodiversity. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54838-6_4
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