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Axonal Regeneration Across an Artificial Scaffold Combined with Cell Transplantation Applied to the Transected Spinal Cord

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Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord

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Abstract

The effectiveness of cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) has been increasingly demonstrated in basic and clinical studies. Ethical considerations specific to Japan and a possible immune response justify the use of autologous cells obtained from patients with SCI. Currently available candidates for autologous cells include bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), Schwann cells derived from peripheral nerves, olfactory mucosal epithelial cells derived from the olfactory mucosa, and neural stem cells derived from attention-drawing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Among these, BMSCs have the advantage of being collected relatively easily from bone marrow and maintained in culture, and they are also known to have a protective effect on neural tissue. Studies have been conducted on bridging spinal cord defects with an artificial material known as a scaffold, and scaffolds made of various materials have been applied experimentally to the injured spinal cord. This review provides an overview of the results of studies in which a honeycomb collagen scaffold, as reported by us, or a macroporous scaffold made of d,l-polylactic acid combined with Schwann cells, as reported by Hurtado et al., was transplanted into the spinal cord. We also discuss the results of several studies on cell transplantation with scaffolds.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. K. Shinomiya (Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital) and Prof. Y Kuboki (Hokkaido University) for their advice and generous support. We thank Dr. A. Hurtado (Kennedy Krieger/Johns Hopkins University) for advice regarding our animal surgery. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and a Grant-in-Aid from the General Insurance Association of Japan.

Conflict of Interest  None of the authors has any commercial association that might pose or create a conflict of interest with information presented in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan

    Mitsuhiro Enomoto, Madoka Ukegawa, Yoshiaki Wakabayashi & Atsushi Okawa

  2. Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan

    Mitsuhiro Enomoto

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saku General Hospital, 197 Usuda, Saku, Nagano, 384-0301, Japan

    Kazuyuki Fukushima

  4. Imperial College, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Exchange Program, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan

    Kush Bhatt

Authors
  1. Mitsuhiro Enomoto
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  2. Madoka Ukegawa
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  3. Kazuyuki Fukushima
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  4. Kush Bhatt
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  5. Yoshiaki Wakabayashi
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  6. Atsushi Okawa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mitsuhiro Enomoto .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Orthop & Rehabilit Med, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan

    Kenzo Uchida

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Masaya Nakamura

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Hiroshi Ozawa

  4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan

    Shinsuke Katoh

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoshiaki Toyama

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Enomoto, M., Ukegawa, M., Fukushima, K., Bhatt, K., Wakabayashi, Y., Okawa, A. (2014). Axonal Regeneration Across an Artificial Scaffold Combined with Cell Transplantation Applied to the Transected Spinal Cord. In: Uchida, K., Nakamura, M., Ozawa, H., Katoh, S., Toyama, Y. (eds) Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54502-6_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54502-6_22

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  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54502-6

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