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Interleukin-33: A Multifunctional Alarmin that Promotes Both Health and Disease

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Cytokine Frontiers

Abstract

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-33 is present in the cell nucleus and is released into extracellular spaces, where it acts as an alarmin by binding to the receptor ST2. The receptor ST2 is widely expressed in the human body, and IL-33 exerts a wide range of biological activities depending on the target cells and cellular context. IL-33 is essential for host protection from helminth infections by promoting type 2 immune responses; IL-33 thus has an adverse effect on allergic inflammation. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that in addition to type 2 immunity-mediated diseases, IL-33 is involved in a wide variety of human diseases. IL-33 may be a predisposing factor for some inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, in which type 2 immunity is not involved. By contrast, IL-33 also has cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties in such conditions as ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, thorough understanding of IL-33 is essential for achieving full therapeutic application of this molecule.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a Strategic Program Grant for Research Institute Development in Private Institute from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan.

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  1. Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan

    Kazufumi Matsushita & Tomohiro Yoshimoto

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  1. Kazufumi Matsushita
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  2. Tomohiro Yoshimoto
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Correspondence to Tomohiro Yoshimoto .

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  1. Department of Immunoregulation Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Takayuki Yoshimoto

  2. Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Tomohiro Yoshimoto

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Matsushita, K., Yoshimoto, T. (2014). Interleukin-33: A Multifunctional Alarmin that Promotes Both Health and Disease. In: Yoshimoto, T., Yoshimoto, T. (eds) Cytokine Frontiers. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54442-5_11

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