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The Interleukin-1 Family

Role in Inflammation and Disease

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Cytokine Frontiers

Abstract

The biological properties of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family ligands and receptors are characteristically pro-inflammatory and act as adjuvants for specific immune responses to antigen. Thus, the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors is fundamental to innate immunity. Of the 11 members of the IL-1 family, IL-1β has emerged as a therapeutic target for an expanding number of systemic and local inflammatory conditions termed “auto-inflammatory” diseases. These diseases are distinct from autoimmune diseases and include several hereditary conditions. Howver, auto-inflammatory diseases are also common diseases such as heart failure, gouty arthritis, and type 2 diabetes. For these, neutralization of IL-1β results in a rapid and sustained reduction in disease severity. Another member of the IL-1 family, IL-1α, is also a mediator of inflammation but is classified as an “alarmin” because the cytokine is present in most cells and readily released upon cell death. Although treatment for autoimmune diseases often includes immunosuppressive drugs, blocking the IL-1 receptor is effective as an anti-inflammatory therapy for either IL-1α or IL-1β.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Ave., B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Charles A. Dinarello

  2. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Charles A. Dinarello & Mihai G. Netea

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  1. Charles A. Dinarello
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  2. Mihai G. Netea
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Correspondence to Charles A. Dinarello .

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  1. Department of Immunoregulation Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Takayuki Yoshimoto

  2. Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Tomohiro Yoshimoto

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Dinarello, C.A., Netea, M.G. (2014). The Interleukin-1 Family. In: Yoshimoto, T., Yoshimoto, T. (eds) Cytokine Frontiers. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54442-5_1

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